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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Shan, Yong, Wu, Xue-Lian, Zhang, Sheng-Bang, Hou, Yu-Qing, Guo, Jin-Ping, Zhao, Wan-Lin, Zhang, De-Ning, Zhu, Zhao-Xiang, Liu, Shu-Yan
Format:	Recurso digital
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Published:	Zenodo 2026
Subjects:	Biodiversity Taxonomy Fungi Basidiomycota Agaricomycetes Gomphales Gomphaceae Phaeoclavulina Phaeoclavulina fruticosa
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18559413
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Phaeoclavulina fruticosa Y. Shan & S. Y. Liu sp. nov.Fig. 2Etymology.From the Latin “ fruticosus ” refers to the densely branched, shrub-like appearance of the basidiomata.Diagnosis.Basidiomata compact, densely branched, caespitose, turning blue when injured. Basidiospores dacryoid to ellipsoid with patched to subconical to verrucose ornamentations.Type.China • Qinghai Province, Xining City, Datong County, 37°04'16"N, 101°48'01"E, alt. 2870 m, 11 September 2024, Yong Shan, Shu-Yan Liu, Xue-Lian Wu, Sheng-Bang Zhang, Wan-Lin Zhao and De-Ning Zhang, HMJAU 60999, holotype. GenBank: nuc rDNA ITS 1-5.8 S-ITS 2 = PV 821750; nuc rDNA 28 S = PV 822043.Basidiomata.Medium-sized, (20 –) 30–100 (– 105) × (6 –) 10–20 (– 24) mm, erect, compact, overall shrub-like to distinctly coralloid, typically caespitose, arising from soil on moss-covered coniferous forest floor. Branches with up to 4–5 levels of division, predominantly dichotomous; cylindrical to slightly compressed, ascending, mostly parallel or slightly divergent, closely spaced, and gradually tapering toward the apices; apices 1–2 mm long, usually blunt and commonly bifurcate. Stipe short to moderately developed, 10–50 mm high, distinctly widening toward the branching point. Texture fleshy, slightly viscid; tissues turning blue when injured. Fresh basidiomata grayish-yellow to olive-gray overall, with paler branch apices, yellow to yellowish-brown; with age, the overall coloration becomes progressively darker, turning olive-brown to brown. Surface dry to slightly moist, smooth to minutely pruinose. Context firm and fleshy; odor indistinct. Upon drying, basidiomata moderately shrink yet retain overall morphology and branching pattern; color darkens to olive-brown, with apices often remaining pale yellowish-brown; surface becomes hardened and brittle.Micromorphology.Basidia 44.3–55.6 × 6.2–10.3 μm, slightly granular at maturity, hyaline to faintly yellowish, bearing four sterigmata. Hyphal system monomitic; hyphae hyaline, septate, with clamp connections, distinctly branched, (1.5 –) 2–6 μm wide, densely arranged, forming fasciculate or interwoven patterns.Basidiospores (6.3 –) 7.4–8.0 (– 9.5) × (3.3 –) 4.1–4.5 (– 5.5) μm [Q = 1.45–2.16, Qm = 1.82 ± 0.2], dacryoid to ellipsoid, often slightly inequilateral, more or less rounded at one end and prolonged and sharp-pointed at the other; mature spores occasionally guttulate; surface roughened. Under SEM, basidiospores are distinctly ornamented, with surfaces sparsely covered by irregularly patched to subconical to verrucose ornamentations. The ornamentation elements are moderately sized, mostly discrete, and sparsely distributed across the spore surface, measuring approximately 0.15–0.35 µm in diameter. The ornamentations do not coalesce into ridges or form reticulate patterns.Habit and distribution.Gregarious on the soil around Picea crassifolia Kom. Known only from the type locality in Qinghai Province, China.Notes.Phaeoclavulina fruticosa forms a well-supported sister lineage to the P. coniferarum and P. macrospora clade. Despite this close phylogenetic relationship, P. fruticosa is readily distinguished from both species by a combination of macromorphological and micromorphological characters.Phaeoclavulina fruticosa differs from P. coniferarum in having larger basidiomata (30–100 × 10–20 mm vs. 25–50 × 15–30 mm). With respect to fresh coloration and bruising reactions, basidiomata of P. fruticosa are grayish-yellow to olive-gray and turn blue when injured, while those of P. coniferarum are yellow to yellow-ochraceous and rapidly become green to cyan-green upon handling or exposure. Micromorphologically, P. fruticosa has larger basidia (44.3–55.6 × 6.2–10.3 μm) than P. coniferarum (35–45 × 5.5–7.5 μm). Furthermore, basidiospores of P. fruticosa are sparsely covered with irregularly patched to subconical to verrucose ornamentations, whereas P. coniferarum is characterized by densely spinose spores with spines reaching up to 0.5 μm in length.Phaeoclavulina fruticosa differs from P. macrospora by its small basidiospores (7.4–8.0 × 4.1–4.5 μm vs. 14–20 × 4.5–8 μm). The basidiospore ornamentation also shows differences between the two species, spores of P. macrospora are prominently spinose, with spines reaching up to 2.5 μm in height, whereas spores of P. fruticosa are distinctly ornamented, with surfaces sparsely covered by irregularly patched to subconical to verrucose ornamentations (ca. 0.15–0.35 μm in diameter). The discoloration reactions upon injury are also different, with P. macrospora turning brown soon after bruising, whereas P. fruticosa turns blue.

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