DESIGNING SCALABLE ETL PIPELINES FOR MULTI-SOURCE GRAPH DATABASE INGESTION

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1. Verfasser: GUPTA, SUMIT
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Veröffentlicht: Zenodo 2026
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author GUPTA, SUMIT
author_facet GUPTA, SUMIT
contents <p>Graph databases are becoming more and more popular among modern enterprises to represent <br>complex relationships in, for instance, social networks, fraud detection, knowledge <br>management, and recommendation systems. However, these companies still have to deal with <br>the pricy issue of importing data from different sources into the graph structures at a large scale. <br>The present paper proposes a complete set of methods that allow for the creation of ETL <br>pipelines that can handle various sources of data efficiently while they are being moved into <br>Neo4j graph databases at the same time as the quality of the data, the performance, and the <br>reliability of the operations are being sustained. The research sets up a distributed ETL <br>architecture where Apache Spark is used to do parallel processing, Apache Kafka is used for <br>streaming ingestion, and a custom transformation logic is used for the mapping of the schema <br>from the relational, document, and API sources into the graph node and relationship structures. <br>Moreover, the research successively performs an evaluation by conducting experiments with <br>850 million records from five different source systems that are PostgreSQL transactional <br>databases, MongoDB document stores, REST APIs, CSV files, and streaming event sources, <br>and eventually, the optimized pipeline architecture reaches a throughput of 2.4 million records <br>per hour with 99.2% data quality accuracy while the latency for streaming updates remains <br>below 5 seconds. Among the most important design patterns that came out of this research are <br>smart batching strategies that control memory consumption along with throughput, relationship <br>inference algorithms that uncover hidden links from foreign key relationships and semantic <br>patterns, data quality validation frameworks that anticipate schema violations and referential <br>integrity problems before graph insertion, and finally, incremental update techniques that <br>refresh changing source data after synchronization instead of loading it in full every time. <br>Partition-aware processing, connection pooling, and bulk import operations together lead to <br>performance optimization which diminishes the infrastructure cost by 67% in contrast to the <br>naive row-by-row insertion method while enhancing reliability through extensive error <br>handling, dead letter queues, and automated retry logic. The study deals with real-world <br>implementation problems like dealing with schema evolution across sources, managing entity <br>conflicts in multi-source scenarios, fine-tuning Cypher query generation for bulk operations, <br>and tracking pipeline health using custom metrics dashboards. The comparative study shows <br>that processing in batches with 50,000 record chunks gives the best throughput-latency balance, <br>whereas streaming ingestion turns out to be vital for real-time fraud detection and <br>recommendation situations that require sub-minute data freshness. The validated framework <br>paves the way for organizations to turn on graph databases at the enterprise scale, thus enabling <br>relationship-based analytics and traversal queries that relational architectures cannot efficiently </p>
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spellingShingle DESIGNING SCALABLE ETL PIPELINES FOR MULTI-SOURCE GRAPH DATABASE INGESTION
GUPTA, SUMIT
GRAPH DATABASE
etl pipelines
Neo4j
Apache Spark
Data Integration
Multi Source Ingestion, Scalable Architecture, Real-Time Processing
<p>Graph databases are becoming more and more popular among modern enterprises to represent <br>complex relationships in, for instance, social networks, fraud detection, knowledge <br>management, and recommendation systems. However, these companies still have to deal with <br>the pricy issue of importing data from different sources into the graph structures at a large scale. <br>The present paper proposes a complete set of methods that allow for the creation of ETL <br>pipelines that can handle various sources of data efficiently while they are being moved into <br>Neo4j graph databases at the same time as the quality of the data, the performance, and the <br>reliability of the operations are being sustained. The research sets up a distributed ETL <br>architecture where Apache Spark is used to do parallel processing, Apache Kafka is used for <br>streaming ingestion, and a custom transformation logic is used for the mapping of the schema <br>from the relational, document, and API sources into the graph node and relationship structures. <br>Moreover, the research successively performs an evaluation by conducting experiments with <br>850 million records from five different source systems that are PostgreSQL transactional <br>databases, MongoDB document stores, REST APIs, CSV files, and streaming event sources, <br>and eventually, the optimized pipeline architecture reaches a throughput of 2.4 million records <br>per hour with 99.2% data quality accuracy while the latency for streaming updates remains <br>below 5 seconds. Among the most important design patterns that came out of this research are <br>smart batching strategies that control memory consumption along with throughput, relationship <br>inference algorithms that uncover hidden links from foreign key relationships and semantic <br>patterns, data quality validation frameworks that anticipate schema violations and referential <br>integrity problems before graph insertion, and finally, incremental update techniques that <br>refresh changing source data after synchronization instead of loading it in full every time. <br>Partition-aware processing, connection pooling, and bulk import operations together lead to <br>performance optimization which diminishes the infrastructure cost by 67% in contrast to the <br>naive row-by-row insertion method while enhancing reliability through extensive error <br>handling, dead letter queues, and automated retry logic. The study deals with real-world <br>implementation problems like dealing with schema evolution across sources, managing entity <br>conflicts in multi-source scenarios, fine-tuning Cypher query generation for bulk operations, <br>and tracking pipeline health using custom metrics dashboards. The comparative study shows <br>that processing in batches with 50,000 record chunks gives the best throughput-latency balance, <br>whereas streaming ingestion turns out to be vital for real-time fraud detection and <br>recommendation situations that require sub-minute data freshness. The validated framework <br>paves the way for organizations to turn on graph databases at the enterprise scale, thus enabling <br>relationship-based analytics and traversal queries that relational architectures cannot efficiently </p>
title DESIGNING SCALABLE ETL PIPELINES FOR MULTI-SOURCE GRAPH DATABASE INGESTION
topic GRAPH DATABASE
etl pipelines
Neo4j
Apache Spark
Data Integration
Multi Source Ingestion, Scalable Architecture, Real-Time Processing
url https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18736296