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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Recurso digital |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Zenodo
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18743943 |
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Table of Contents:
- <p>Harmonic Ratio Analysis (HRA) is a nonlinear electrochemical diagnostic method for online condition monitoring of electrolyzers and fuel cell systems at cell and stack level. The method evaluates selected harmonic ratios derived from low-frequency multi-frequency modulation of the operating point and provides robust trend-based indicators of asymmetric transport-related and symmetric kinetic nonlinearities.</p> <p>This technical note describes the measurement principle, harmonic ratio definitions, multi-frequency evaluation strategy, quality chain including SNR gating and persistence criteria, and practical implementation aspects for laboratory testing, industrial stack monitoring, and controller integration. The method is designed as a complementary approach to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for field-robust nonlinear diagnostics.</p>