Chlorophytum dianellifolium H. Perrier
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2026
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| author | Pignal, Marc Phillipson, Peter B. Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine |
| author_facet | Pignal, Marc Phillipson, Peter B. Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine |
| contents | <p><b>11</b>. <i>Chlorophytum dianellifolium</i> (Baker) H.Perrier</p><p>Figs 3N–O, 6G, 7D, 22</p><p><i>Chlorophytum dianellifolium</i> (Baker) H.Perrier (as <i>dianellaefolium</i>) (Perrier de la Bâthie 1935: 54–55) – <i>Anthericum dianellifolium</i> Baker (Baker 1887: 149).</p><p><i>Chlorophytum dianellifolium</i> var. <i>transiens</i> H.Perrier syn. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1935: 55–56). – <b>Type:</b> MADAGASCAR – <b>Haute Matsiatra [Fianarantsoa Prov</b>.<b>]</b> • Environs d’Ambalavao; [21°49′ S, 46°55′ E]; Mar. 1912; fl; lectotype: <i>H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10942</i>; rocailles dénudées (gneiss); P [P01046110]!, <b>here designated</b>. – <b>Paralectotypes:</b> MADAGASCAR • Central Madagascar; fl; <i>R. Baron 4121</i>, K [K000432396] image!. – <b>Vakinankaratra [Antananarivo Prov</b>.<b>]</b> • Ambatomena Lona; [19°51′ S, 47°15′ E]; 1876; fl; <i>A. Grandidier s.n.</i>; P [P01046111]!. – <b>Amoron’i mania [Fianarantsoa Prov</b>.<b>]</b> • Sur des cipolins, aux environs d’Ambatofinandrano; [20°33′ S, 46°48′ E]; ca 1000 m; fl, fr; <i>H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443</i>; P [P01046109]!.</p><p><b>Etymology</b></p><p>The specific epithet refers to the shape of the leaves of this species that resemble those of species of the genus <i>Dianella</i> Lam. ex Juss., a member of the Asphodelaceae Juss., that occurs in Madagascar, East Africa, Australasia and Southeast Asia.</p><p><b>Type material</b></p><p><b>Type</b></p><p>MADAGASCAR • Central Madagascar; s.d.; fl; <i>R. Baron 659</i>; lectotype: K [K000432395] image!, <b>here designated</b>; isolectotype: P [P01046116]!.</p><p><b>Paralectotype</b> MADAGASCAR • Central Madagascar; s.d.; fl; <i>R. Baron 4121</i>; K [K000432396] image!.</p><p><b>Other material examined</b></p><p>MADAGASCAR – <b>Amoron’i mania [Fianarantsoa Prov</b>.<b>]</b> • Itremo, Col de l’Itremo, bare hillside covered with pebbles and larger rocks; [20°34′ S, 46°37′ E]; 1500–1685 m; 5 Nov. 2011; fl, fr; <i>T. Croat 29863</i>; MO [MO-3020270] image!, TAN! • Environs d’Ambatofinandrahana (Betsileo); [20°33′ S, 46°48′ E]; 16 Jan. 1955; fl, fr; <i>H. Humbert & R. Capuron 28079 ter p.p.</i>; P [P06169848, P06169857]! • A l’ouest d’Itremo (ouest Betsileo); [20°36′ S, 46°38′ E]; 17 Jan. 1955 – 22 Apr. 1955; fl; <i>H. Humbert 28180</i>; P [P06169897]! • Ambatofinandrahana; [20°33′ S, 46°48′ E]; Mar. 1960; fr; <i>M. Keraudren 197</i>; P [P06169871]! • same data as for preceding; fl; <i>M. Keraudren 217</i>; P [P06169894]! • Fianarantsoa, Ambatofinandrahana. Itremo. Ankevo. Savannah on rockery; [20°39′36″ S, 46°34′46″ E]; 12 Mar. 2012; fr; <i>F. Rakotonasolo, M. Vorotsova & G. Ratovonirina RNF 1906</i>; K n.v., P [P01018907]!, TAN n.v. – <b>Androy [Toliara Prov</b>.<b>]</b> • Environs d’Isoanala; [23°50′ S, 45°43′ E]; Jun. 1963; fl; <i>J. Bosser 17384</i>; K!, P [P06169914]!, WAG!. – <b>Betsiboka [Mahajanga Prov</b>.<b>]</b> • N-O Ankazobe, vallée de l’Ikopa; [16°58′ S, 46°43′ E]; 15 Mar. 1930; fl; <i>R. Decary 7571</i>; P [P02071678]!, TAN! (2 parts). – <b>Haute Matsiatra [Fianarantsoa Prov</b>.<b>]</b> • Andriainjato, Andranovorivato, Km 10 N d’Ambalavao; [21°41′14″ S, 46°53′54″ E]; 1298 m; 14 Mar. 2010; fl, fr; <i>C. Frasier, A. Ramahefaharivelo, B. Ramandimbisoa, H. Razafindraibe & S. Porembski 110</i>; G!, MO [MO-3020316] image!, P [P06836541]!, TAN n.v. • Sandrisoa. Ambalavao; [22°01′ S, 46°57′ E]; 25 Feb. 1961; fl; <i>J. Peltier & M. Peltier 3098</i>; K!, P [P06169860]! • Ambalavao, Sandrisoa; [22°01′ S, 46°57′ E]; ca 1100 m; 12 Feb. 1953; fl; <i>J. Rakodo RN 5547 (Rakodo)</i>; P [P06169829]! • Haute Matsiatra, Iarintsena, Tananomby, inselberg Ambalalova; [21°50′ S, 46°50′ E]; 1127 m; 15 Mar. 2010; fl; <i>N. Rakotoarivelo, M. Rabarimanarivo, F.A. Rajaonary, N. Ravalimanarivo, J. Andriantiana & A. Raonizafitionimalaza 234</i>; MO [MO-3020315] image!, P [P06836540]!, TAN n.v. • Ambalavao, Vohitsoaka; [22°03′ S, 46°43′ E]; ca 1100 m; 21 Feb. 1962; fl; <i>Rakotoson RN 11997</i>; P [P06169896]! • Ambalavao, Sandrisoa; [21°54′ S, 46°57′ E]; ca 1100 m; 6 Feb. 1955; fl; <i>RN 7309 (Rakotovao)</i>; P [P06169892, P06169828]! • Ambalavao, Iarintsena, Anja, Mahavelo, Inselberg Tangorika; [21°52′ S, 46°49′ E]; 1056 m; 17 Mar. 2010; fl, fr; <i>A. Ramahefaharivelo, M. Rabarimanarivo, F.A. Rajaonary, N. Rakotoarivelo, B. Ramandimbisoa, H. Razafindraibe, N. Ravalimanarivo, L. Ratsimabazafy 53</i>; Tapis de monocotylédones et prairie marécageuse; MO [MO-3020314] image!, P [P06836725]!, TAN n.v. • Haute Matsiatra, Langela, Andromivato, Soaindrana, PK 420; [21°31′53″ S, 47°01′32″ E]; 1216 m; 14 Mar. 2010; fl, fr; <i>B. Ramandimbisoa, A. Ramahefaharivelo, C.L. Frasier, F.A. Rajaonary, M. Rabarimanarivo, H. Razafindraibe, J. Andriatiana, N. Rakotoarivelo, J. Rakotomalala, J.C. Riandrianantenaina 13</i>; MO [MO-3020317] image!, P [P06234101]!, TAN n.v., TEF n.v. • Ambalavao, Iarintsena, Anja; [21°50′35S, 46°50′10″ E]; 1105 m; 16 Mar. 2010; fl; <i>H. Razafindraibe, C.L. Frasier, S. Porembski, A. Ramahefaharivelo, B. Ramandimbisoa 257</i>; MO [MO-3020318] image!, P [P06836542]!, TAN! • Ambalavao, Vohitsoaka; [22°03′ S, 46°43′ E]; ca 1100 m; 19 Mar. 1949; fl; <i>RN 1832 (A. Razafindrakoto)</i>; P [P06169853, P06169854]! • Ambalavao, Ivohitsoaka; [22°02′ S, 46°43′ E]; ca 1100 m; 22 Mar. 1960; fl, fr; <i>s.coll. RN 11193</i>; P [P06169843]!. – <b>Ihorombe [Fianarantsoa Prov</b>.<b>]</b> • Entre Ambohimana-Androtra et Tsiazomborona (Prov. d’Ivohibe); [22°31′30″ S, 46°59′00″ E]; 9 Apr. 1970; fl; <i>P. Boiteau 2063</i>; P [P02071677]!.</p><p><b>iNaturalist observation</b></p><p>MADAGASCAR – <b>Amoron’i mania [Fianarantsoa Prov</b>.<b>]</b> • 20°37′14.6″ S, 46°50′16.2″ E; 5 Dec. 2021; fl; <i>Landy Rita Rajaovelona (landyrita1)</i>; iNaturalist 103085397.</p><p><b>Description</b></p><p><i>Plant herbaceous</i>, 20–60 cm tall; <i>rhizomatous</i>; <i>roots</i> fasciculate, 2–2.5(–3.5) mm in diam., bearing a few oblong tubers of 20–30 × 6 mm; <i>leaves</i> 5–10, linear, varying in length from (8–) 17 to 60 cm, sheathing at the base, narrow, 0.3–0.7 cm wide, sheath variable in length, often yellowish, the zone of transition from the sheath to the blade not constricted, but with 2 lateral undulations along the margin, the blade margin scabrous, veins 12–23, visible, apex tapered; <i>inflorescence</i> 22–65 cm long, unbranched or with a single short branch at the base of the rachis, peduncle 19–61 cm long, with a single bract, 1.8–10.5 × 0.2–0.4 cm, located very high up, margin and surface of the bract mostly smooth, rarely scabrous, <i>rachis</i> 4–12(–17) cm in length; <i>flowers</i> solitary or in groups of 2–3 at each node, floral bracts slightly scabrous or smooth, 10–20 × 4 mm, longer than the pedicel, pedicel 5–7 mm long, with a submedial articulation; <i>perianth</i> 12–18 mm long, white; outer tepals oblong and obtuse, 3.5 mm wide with (5–)6–7 veins, with a brown spot in vivo; inner, 5 mm wide, 5-veined; <i>stamens</i> with the filaments 3.5–6.5 mm long, flattened at the base for half of their height and then sharply narrowed, anthers 5–7 × 1.5 mm, sub-basifixed, the connective usually with a short triangular heel (lacking in <i>Baron 639</i> [659]); <i>gynoecium</i>: ovary 2 × 1.2 mm, ovules ca 12–16 per locule, <i>style</i> slender, 10–16 mm long, stigma thickened; <i>capsule</i>, taller than wide, 10–13 × 8–9 mm, with parallel thickened veins; <i>seeds</i> disciform, 3 mm in diam., shiny, very finely granulate; with a broad notch, the radicle thick and barely protruding.</p><p><b>Phenology</b></p><p>Flowering has mostly been recorded from January to March, and fruiting typically begins in February, but with some individuals fruiting in January, suggesting earlier flowering may occur, likely in December.</p><p><b>Distribution and ecology</b></p><p>This species is found on the high central plateau area of Madagascar at altitudes above 1000 m, mainly in the vicinity of Ambatofinandrahana and Ambalavao, but with one collection further to the north in the Ikopa valley, and another one to the south near Isoanala. It occurs on granite or metamorphic substrates, on rocky outcrops or in rocky grasslands.</p><p><b>Provisional IUCN Red List assessment</b></p><p><i>Chlorophytum dianellifolium</i> is endemic to Madagascar, where it is known from a total of 24 collections representing 17 occurences, and a single iNaturalist observation. It has a disjunct distribution, with most records from the central highlands at elevations of at least 1000 m a.s.l., but with an outlying record from the Betsiboka Region to the NW (at ca 1000 m a.s.l.) and another from the Anosy Region in the S (at ca 700 m a.s.l.). The species has another nine known subpopulations in the central highlands of Madagascar, where it ranges from near Ambalavao in the S to Antsirabe to the N, all of which occur at elevations of over 1000 m a.s.l. However, none of the known subpopulations occur within a formal protected area (although one is adjacent to the Itremo Massif Protected Landscape, and the species is likely to occur within that site). The species has an EOO of over 45 000 km 2 but an AOO of just 72 km 2. It is therefore assessed as Near Threatened (NT), as it meets the necessary values for a threatened category for the EOO, but it meets only one sub-criterion of B2 (b,iii).</p><p><b>Illustrations</b></p><p>Perrier de la Bâthie 1937 [1938]: fig. IX 1–3.</p><p><b>Nomenclatural and morphological remarks</b></p><p>1) The label on a specimen at P [P01046116] bears the number 639, and was cited in Perrier's revision. However, this number is not in Perrier de la Bâthie's handwriting, and it is evidently a transcription error for <i>Baron 659</i>. Furthermore, no specimen labelled “ <i>Baron 639</i> ” has been found at K among the specimens of <i>Chlorophytum</i>, nor was it mentioned in the original protologue.</p><p>2) In his revision, H. Perrier de la Bâthie cited material of <i>Baron 659</i> as the type of <i>A. dianellifolium</i>, but without formally designating a specimen. We here designate the specimen at K, with the barcode K000432395 as the lectotype of this species, since it is more complete than the duplicate specimen at Kew (barcode K000432396). Similarly, we have chosen P01046110 as the lectotype of <i>C. dianellifolium</i> var. <i>transiens</i>, which is more complete than other syntypes of this collection deposited at K and P.</p><p>3) Leaf variability: The margins are more or less scabrous, ranging from a very slight roughness, for example <i>Grandidier s.n.</i>, <i>Decary 7571</i>, to clearly marked teeth, as for <i>Boiteau 2063</i>, <i>Perrier de la Bâthie 10942</i>, <i>Ramahefaharivelo et al. 53</i>, <i>RN 11193</i>. Some specimens are scabrous across the entire lower leaf surface, resulting in a more or less pronounced rough appearance (<i>Perrier de la Bâthie 10942</i>, <i>Ramahefaharivelo 53</i>, <i>RN 11193</i>, <i>RN 7309</i>, <i>RN 11997</i>, <i>Frasier et al. 110</i>, <i>Ramandimbisoa et al. 13</i>, <i>Keraudren 217</i>, <i>Peltier & Peltier 3098</i>). The basal portion of the leaf often has a yellowish straw-coloured sheath that forms an angle with the lamina.</p><p>4) The peduncle sometimes has short transparent scabrae stuctures below the flowering portion of the rachis, as seen in two specimens at P, <i>Frasier 110</i> and <i>Ramandimbisoa 13</i>, collected between Fianarantsoa and Ambalavao, a characteristic not shared with other collections further south or north.</p><p>5) The tepal veins, which are not very visible in vivo, become more apparent when the flower is dried. Although the perianth segments sometimes have 6–7 veins instead of 5, there is a unity in the structure: the tepals are relatively wide with 5 or more veins, the stamens are equal to the perianth in length, with flattened filaments at their base, as long as the anthers, and a short extension of the connective.</p><p>6) We include two collections from outside the main distribution range of this taxon: <i>Decary 7571</i> from the north of the country and <i>Bosser 17384</i> from the southeast. The latter does show some minor morphological differences (pedicel inframedial articulation, longer style, heel of anther connective reduced to a simple rim).</p><p>7) In the P herbarium, the collection number <i>H. Humbert & R. Capuron 28079</i> was assigned to three collections from the same locality: the first two appear in the collection notebooks of Henri Humbert: one of these is the type of <i>Pimpinella betsileensis</i> Sales & Hedge, the second, bearing the number <i>28079 bis</i>, is a collection of <i>C. tripedale</i>. The third collection based on this number, was identified by Humbert as <i>Chlorophytum</i> sp. (P06169857 and P06169848), the latter of which is heterogeneous, consisting of a part of <i>C. tripedale 28079 bis</i> and <i>C. dianellifolium</i>. We renumber the latter collection as <i>28079 ter</i>. The sheet P06169848 includes two <i>C. dianellifolium</i> plants located on either side, one bearing fruit, the other with an inflorescence in buds, with a fragment of an inflorescence of <i>C. tripedale 28079 bis</i> mounted in between. An attached envelope contains a mixture of fruits and flowers.</p> |
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| spellingShingle | Chlorophytum dianellifolium H. Perrier Pignal, Marc Phillipson, Peter B. Bardot-Vaucoulon, Martine Biodiversity Taxonomy Plantae Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Asparagaceae Chlorophytum Chlorophytum dianellifolium <p><b>11</b>. <i>Chlorophytum dianellifolium</i> (Baker) H.Perrier</p><p>Figs 3N–O, 6G, 7D, 22</p><p><i>Chlorophytum dianellifolium</i> (Baker) H.Perrier (as <i>dianellaefolium</i>) (Perrier de la Bâthie 1935: 54–55) – <i>Anthericum dianellifolium</i> Baker (Baker 1887: 149).</p><p><i>Chlorophytum dianellifolium</i> var. <i>transiens</i> H.Perrier syn. nov. (Perrier de la Bâthie 1935: 55–56). – <b>Type:</b> MADAGASCAR – <b>Haute Matsiatra [Fianarantsoa Prov</b>.<b>]</b> • Environs d’Ambalavao; [21°49′ S, 46°55′ E]; Mar. 1912; fl; lectotype: <i>H. Perrier de la Bâthie 10942</i>; rocailles dénudées (gneiss); P [P01046110]!, <b>here designated</b>. – <b>Paralectotypes:</b> MADAGASCAR • Central Madagascar; fl; <i>R. Baron 4121</i>, K [K000432396] image!. – <b>Vakinankaratra [Antananarivo Prov</b>.<b>]</b> • Ambatomena Lona; [19°51′ S, 47°15′ E]; 1876; fl; <i>A. Grandidier s.n.</i>; P [P01046111]!. – <b>Amoron’i mania [Fianarantsoa Prov</b>.<b>]</b> • Sur des cipolins, aux environs d’Ambatofinandrano; [20°33′ S, 46°48′ E]; ca 1000 m; fl, fr; <i>H. Perrier de la Bâthie 12443</i>; P [P01046109]!.</p><p><b>Etymology</b></p><p>The specific epithet refers to the shape of the leaves of this species that resemble those of species of the genus <i>Dianella</i> Lam. ex Juss., a member of the Asphodelaceae Juss., that occurs in Madagascar, East Africa, Australasia and Southeast Asia.</p><p><b>Type material</b></p><p><b>Type</b></p><p>MADAGASCAR • Central Madagascar; s.d.; fl; <i>R. Baron 659</i>; lectotype: K [K000432395] image!, <b>here designated</b>; isolectotype: P [P01046116]!.</p><p><b>Paralectotype</b> MADAGASCAR • Central Madagascar; s.d.; fl; <i>R. Baron 4121</i>; K [K000432396] image!.</p><p><b>Other material examined</b></p><p>MADAGASCAR – <b>Amoron’i mania [Fianarantsoa Prov</b>.<b>]</b> • Itremo, Col de l’Itremo, bare hillside covered with pebbles and larger rocks; [20°34′ S, 46°37′ E]; 1500–1685 m; 5 Nov. 2011; fl, fr; <i>T. Croat 29863</i>; MO [MO-3020270] image!, TAN! • Environs d’Ambatofinandrahana (Betsileo); [20°33′ S, 46°48′ E]; 16 Jan. 1955; fl, fr; <i>H. Humbert & R. Capuron 28079 ter p.p.</i>; P [P06169848, P06169857]! • A l’ouest d’Itremo (ouest Betsileo); [20°36′ S, 46°38′ E]; 17 Jan. 1955 – 22 Apr. 1955; fl; <i>H. Humbert 28180</i>; P [P06169897]! • Ambatofinandrahana; [20°33′ S, 46°48′ E]; Mar. 1960; fr; <i>M. Keraudren 197</i>; P [P06169871]! • same data as for preceding; fl; <i>M. Keraudren 217</i>; P [P06169894]! • Fianarantsoa, Ambatofinandrahana. Itremo. Ankevo. Savannah on rockery; [20°39′36″ S, 46°34′46″ E]; 12 Mar. 2012; fr; <i>F. Rakotonasolo, M. Vorotsova & G. Ratovonirina RNF 1906</i>; K n.v., P [P01018907]!, TAN n.v. – <b>Androy [Toliara Prov</b>.<b>]</b> • Environs d’Isoanala; [23°50′ S, 45°43′ E]; Jun. 1963; fl; <i>J. Bosser 17384</i>; K!, P [P06169914]!, WAG!. – <b>Betsiboka [Mahajanga Prov</b>.<b>]</b> • N-O Ankazobe, vallée de l’Ikopa; [16°58′ S, 46°43′ E]; 15 Mar. 1930; fl; <i>R. Decary 7571</i>; P [P02071678]!, TAN! (2 parts). – <b>Haute Matsiatra [Fianarantsoa Prov</b>.<b>]</b> • Andriainjato, Andranovorivato, Km 10 N d’Ambalavao; [21°41′14″ S, 46°53′54″ E]; 1298 m; 14 Mar. 2010; fl, fr; <i>C. Frasier, A. Ramahefaharivelo, B. Ramandimbisoa, H. Razafindraibe & S. Porembski 110</i>; G!, MO [MO-3020316] image!, P [P06836541]!, TAN n.v. • Sandrisoa. Ambalavao; [22°01′ S, 46°57′ E]; 25 Feb. 1961; fl; <i>J. Peltier & M. Peltier 3098</i>; K!, P [P06169860]! • Ambalavao, Sandrisoa; [22°01′ S, 46°57′ E]; ca 1100 m; 12 Feb. 1953; fl; <i>J. Rakodo RN 5547 (Rakodo)</i>; P [P06169829]! • Haute Matsiatra, Iarintsena, Tananomby, inselberg Ambalalova; [21°50′ S, 46°50′ E]; 1127 m; 15 Mar. 2010; fl; <i>N. Rakotoarivelo, M. Rabarimanarivo, F.A. Rajaonary, N. Ravalimanarivo, J. Andriantiana & A. Raonizafitionimalaza 234</i>; MO [MO-3020315] image!, P [P06836540]!, TAN n.v. • Ambalavao, Vohitsoaka; [22°03′ S, 46°43′ E]; ca 1100 m; 21 Feb. 1962; fl; <i>Rakotoson RN 11997</i>; P [P06169896]! • Ambalavao, Sandrisoa; [21°54′ S, 46°57′ E]; ca 1100 m; 6 Feb. 1955; fl; <i>RN 7309 (Rakotovao)</i>; P [P06169892, P06169828]! • Ambalavao, Iarintsena, Anja, Mahavelo, Inselberg Tangorika; [21°52′ S, 46°49′ E]; 1056 m; 17 Mar. 2010; fl, fr; <i>A. Ramahefaharivelo, M. Rabarimanarivo, F.A. Rajaonary, N. Rakotoarivelo, B. Ramandimbisoa, H. Razafindraibe, N. Ravalimanarivo, L. Ratsimabazafy 53</i>; Tapis de monocotylédones et prairie marécageuse; MO [MO-3020314] image!, P [P06836725]!, TAN n.v. • Haute Matsiatra, Langela, Andromivato, Soaindrana, PK 420; [21°31′53″ S, 47°01′32″ E]; 1216 m; 14 Mar. 2010; fl, fr; <i>B. Ramandimbisoa, A. Ramahefaharivelo, C.L. Frasier, F.A. Rajaonary, M. Rabarimanarivo, H. Razafindraibe, J. Andriatiana, N. Rakotoarivelo, J. Rakotomalala, J.C. Riandrianantenaina 13</i>; MO [MO-3020317] image!, P [P06234101]!, TAN n.v., TEF n.v. • Ambalavao, Iarintsena, Anja; [21°50′35S, 46°50′10″ E]; 1105 m; 16 Mar. 2010; fl; <i>H. Razafindraibe, C.L. Frasier, S. Porembski, A. Ramahefaharivelo, B. Ramandimbisoa 257</i>; MO [MO-3020318] image!, P [P06836542]!, TAN! • Ambalavao, Vohitsoaka; [22°03′ S, 46°43′ E]; ca 1100 m; 19 Mar. 1949; fl; <i>RN 1832 (A. Razafindrakoto)</i>; P [P06169853, P06169854]! • Ambalavao, Ivohitsoaka; [22°02′ S, 46°43′ E]; ca 1100 m; 22 Mar. 1960; fl, fr; <i>s.coll. RN 11193</i>; P [P06169843]!. – <b>Ihorombe [Fianarantsoa Prov</b>.<b>]</b> • Entre Ambohimana-Androtra et Tsiazomborona (Prov. d’Ivohibe); [22°31′30″ S, 46°59′00″ E]; 9 Apr. 1970; fl; <i>P. Boiteau 2063</i>; P [P02071677]!.</p><p><b>iNaturalist observation</b></p><p>MADAGASCAR – <b>Amoron’i mania [Fianarantsoa Prov</b>.<b>]</b> • 20°37′14.6″ S, 46°50′16.2″ E; 5 Dec. 2021; fl; <i>Landy Rita Rajaovelona (landyrita1)</i>; iNaturalist 103085397.</p><p><b>Description</b></p><p><i>Plant herbaceous</i>, 20–60 cm tall; <i>rhizomatous</i>; <i>roots</i> fasciculate, 2–2.5(–3.5) mm in diam., bearing a few oblong tubers of 20–30 × 6 mm; <i>leaves</i> 5–10, linear, varying in length from (8–) 17 to 60 cm, sheathing at the base, narrow, 0.3–0.7 cm wide, sheath variable in length, often yellowish, the zone of transition from the sheath to the blade not constricted, but with 2 lateral undulations along the margin, the blade margin scabrous, veins 12–23, visible, apex tapered; <i>inflorescence</i> 22–65 cm long, unbranched or with a single short branch at the base of the rachis, peduncle 19–61 cm long, with a single bract, 1.8–10.5 × 0.2–0.4 cm, located very high up, margin and surface of the bract mostly smooth, rarely scabrous, <i>rachis</i> 4–12(–17) cm in length; <i>flowers</i> solitary or in groups of 2–3 at each node, floral bracts slightly scabrous or smooth, 10–20 × 4 mm, longer than the pedicel, pedicel 5–7 mm long, with a submedial articulation; <i>perianth</i> 12–18 mm long, white; outer tepals oblong and obtuse, 3.5 mm wide with (5–)6–7 veins, with a brown spot in vivo; inner, 5 mm wide, 5-veined; <i>stamens</i> with the filaments 3.5–6.5 mm long, flattened at the base for half of their height and then sharply narrowed, anthers 5–7 × 1.5 mm, sub-basifixed, the connective usually with a short triangular heel (lacking in <i>Baron 639</i> [659]); <i>gynoecium</i>: ovary 2 × 1.2 mm, ovules ca 12–16 per locule, <i>style</i> slender, 10–16 mm long, stigma thickened; <i>capsule</i>, taller than wide, 10–13 × 8–9 mm, with parallel thickened veins; <i>seeds</i> disciform, 3 mm in diam., shiny, very finely granulate; with a broad notch, the radicle thick and barely protruding.</p><p><b>Phenology</b></p><p>Flowering has mostly been recorded from January to March, and fruiting typically begins in February, but with some individuals fruiting in January, suggesting earlier flowering may occur, likely in December.</p><p><b>Distribution and ecology</b></p><p>This species is found on the high central plateau area of Madagascar at altitudes above 1000 m, mainly in the vicinity of Ambatofinandrahana and Ambalavao, but with one collection further to the north in the Ikopa valley, and another one to the south near Isoanala. It occurs on granite or metamorphic substrates, on rocky outcrops or in rocky grasslands.</p><p><b>Provisional IUCN Red List assessment</b></p><p><i>Chlorophytum dianellifolium</i> is endemic to Madagascar, where it is known from a total of 24 collections representing 17 occurences, and a single iNaturalist observation. It has a disjunct distribution, with most records from the central highlands at elevations of at least 1000 m a.s.l., but with an outlying record from the Betsiboka Region to the NW (at ca 1000 m a.s.l.) and another from the Anosy Region in the S (at ca 700 m a.s.l.). The species has another nine known subpopulations in the central highlands of Madagascar, where it ranges from near Ambalavao in the S to Antsirabe to the N, all of which occur at elevations of over 1000 m a.s.l. However, none of the known subpopulations occur within a formal protected area (although one is adjacent to the Itremo Massif Protected Landscape, and the species is likely to occur within that site). The species has an EOO of over 45 000 km 2 but an AOO of just 72 km 2. It is therefore assessed as Near Threatened (NT), as it meets the necessary values for a threatened category for the EOO, but it meets only one sub-criterion of B2 (b,iii).</p><p><b>Illustrations</b></p><p>Perrier de la Bâthie 1937 [1938]: fig. IX 1–3.</p><p><b>Nomenclatural and morphological remarks</b></p><p>1) The label on a specimen at P [P01046116] bears the number 639, and was cited in Perrier's revision. However, this number is not in Perrier de la Bâthie's handwriting, and it is evidently a transcription error for <i>Baron 659</i>. Furthermore, no specimen labelled “ <i>Baron 639</i> ” has been found at K among the specimens of <i>Chlorophytum</i>, nor was it mentioned in the original protologue.</p><p>2) In his revision, H. Perrier de la Bâthie cited material of <i>Baron 659</i> as the type of <i>A. dianellifolium</i>, but without formally designating a specimen. We here designate the specimen at K, with the barcode K000432395 as the lectotype of this species, since it is more complete than the duplicate specimen at Kew (barcode K000432396). Similarly, we have chosen P01046110 as the lectotype of <i>C. dianellifolium</i> var. <i>transiens</i>, which is more complete than other syntypes of this collection deposited at K and P.</p><p>3) Leaf variability: The margins are more or less scabrous, ranging from a very slight roughness, for example <i>Grandidier s.n.</i>, <i>Decary 7571</i>, to clearly marked teeth, as for <i>Boiteau 2063</i>, <i>Perrier de la Bâthie 10942</i>, <i>Ramahefaharivelo et al. 53</i>, <i>RN 11193</i>. Some specimens are scabrous across the entire lower leaf surface, resulting in a more or less pronounced rough appearance (<i>Perrier de la Bâthie 10942</i>, <i>Ramahefaharivelo 53</i>, <i>RN 11193</i>, <i>RN 7309</i>, <i>RN 11997</i>, <i>Frasier et al. 110</i>, <i>Ramandimbisoa et al. 13</i>, <i>Keraudren 217</i>, <i>Peltier & Peltier 3098</i>). The basal portion of the leaf often has a yellowish straw-coloured sheath that forms an angle with the lamina.</p><p>4) The peduncle sometimes has short transparent scabrae stuctures below the flowering portion of the rachis, as seen in two specimens at P, <i>Frasier 110</i> and <i>Ramandimbisoa 13</i>, collected between Fianarantsoa and Ambalavao, a characteristic not shared with other collections further south or north.</p><p>5) The tepal veins, which are not very visible in vivo, become more apparent when the flower is dried. Although the perianth segments sometimes have 6–7 veins instead of 5, there is a unity in the structure: the tepals are relatively wide with 5 or more veins, the stamens are equal to the perianth in length, with flattened filaments at their base, as long as the anthers, and a short extension of the connective.</p><p>6) We include two collections from outside the main distribution range of this taxon: <i>Decary 7571</i> from the north of the country and <i>Bosser 17384</i> from the southeast. The latter does show some minor morphological differences (pedicel inframedial articulation, longer style, heel of anther connective reduced to a simple rim).</p><p>7) In the P herbarium, the collection number <i>H. Humbert & R. Capuron 28079</i> was assigned to three collections from the same locality: the first two appear in the collection notebooks of Henri Humbert: one of these is the type of <i>Pimpinella betsileensis</i> Sales & Hedge, the second, bearing the number <i>28079 bis</i>, is a collection of <i>C. tripedale</i>. The third collection based on this number, was identified by Humbert as <i>Chlorophytum</i> sp. (P06169857 and P06169848), the latter of which is heterogeneous, consisting of a part of <i>C. tripedale 28079 bis</i> and <i>C. dianellifolium</i>. We renumber the latter collection as <i>28079 ter</i>. The sheet P06169848 includes two <i>C. dianellifolium</i> plants located on either side, one bearing fruit, the other with an inflorescence in buds, with a fragment of an inflorescence of <i>C. tripedale 28079 bis</i> mounted in between. An attached envelope contains a mixture of fruits and flowers.</p> |
| title | Chlorophytum dianellifolium H. Perrier |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Plantae Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales Asparagaceae Chlorophytum Chlorophytum dianellifolium |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18762481 |