A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 2a Study to Assess the Safety, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacokinetics of YAQ007 Versus Rifaximin in Cirrhosis

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Main Authors: Ballester, Maria Pilar, Carbonell-Asins, Juan, Elshabrawi, Ahmed, Rubin, Darren, Winkle, Peter, Lawitz, Eric, Stoici, Roxanna, Kayali, Zeid, Ortiz Lasanta, Grisell, Hassanein, Tarek, Jalan, Rajiv
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Published: Zenodo 2026
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author Ballester, Maria Pilar
Carbonell-Asins, Juan
Elshabrawi, Ahmed
Rubin, Darren
Winkle, Peter
Lawitz, Eric
Stoici, Roxanna
Kayali, Zeid
Ortiz Lasanta, Grisell
Hassanein, Tarek
Jalan, Rajiv
author_facet Ballester, Maria Pilar
Carbonell-Asins, Juan
Elshabrawi, Ahmed
Rubin, Darren
Winkle, Peter
Lawitz, Eric
Stoici, Roxanna
Kayali, Zeid
Ortiz Lasanta, Grisell
Hassanein, Tarek
Jalan, Rajiv
contents <p>Background & Aims: Ammonia is central in the pathogenesis of hepatic<br>encephalopathy (HE), but there are no approved treatments targeting ammonia. LOrnithine<br>Phenylacetate (YAQ007) is a novel drug, which effectively reduces ammonia<br>when administered intravenously. This exploratory Phase 2a study evaluated the<br>short-term pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety of oral YAQ007 in<br>patients with cirrhosis and a history of overt HE.<br>Approach & Results: In this randomized, open-label, multicenter study, 48-cirrhosis<br>patients (28 male, mean of 57.2 years, Child-Pugh of 8 and MELD score of 10) were<br>randomized (1:1:1:1) to one of three YAQ007 dosing regimens (2 g three times daily;<br>4 g twice daily; 4 g three times daily) or rifaximin (550 mg twice daily) for 5 days under<br>inpatient conditions. A decrease of ammonia at day-5 was observed in group C<br>(p=0.009) and group B (p=0.002). After multivariable adjustment, treatment Group B<br>vs Group D, bilirubin, INR and sodium (p<0.05) remained significant factors for<br>absolute ammonia reduction. Urinary phenylacetylglutamine excretion increased on<br>day 5 compared to day 1 across all YAQ007 dose groups (p<0.001). Exposure–<br>response relationships were variable, and a clear dose–response relationship was not<br>demonstrated. Overall, 20 (55.6%) patients who received YAQ007 and 5 (41.7%) who<br>received rifaximin had at least 1 treatment-emergent adverse events, with mainly mild<br>gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms.<br>Conclusions: In this Phase 2a study, oral YAQ007 demonstrated short-term<br>ammonia-lowering activity at doses ≥4 g BID. Given the exploratory design, these<br>findings are hypothesis-generating and support further clinical evaluation.</p>
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spellingShingle A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 2a Study to Assess the Safety, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacokinetics of YAQ007 Versus Rifaximin in Cirrhosis
Ballester, Maria Pilar
Carbonell-Asins, Juan
Elshabrawi, Ahmed
Rubin, Darren
Winkle, Peter
Lawitz, Eric
Stoici, Roxanna
Kayali, Zeid
Ortiz Lasanta, Grisell
Hassanein, Tarek
Jalan, Rajiv
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Rifaximin
Ammonia
Ornithine Phenylacetate
Cirrhosis
<p>Background & Aims: Ammonia is central in the pathogenesis of hepatic<br>encephalopathy (HE), but there are no approved treatments targeting ammonia. LOrnithine<br>Phenylacetate (YAQ007) is a novel drug, which effectively reduces ammonia<br>when administered intravenously. This exploratory Phase 2a study evaluated the<br>short-term pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety of oral YAQ007 in<br>patients with cirrhosis and a history of overt HE.<br>Approach & Results: In this randomized, open-label, multicenter study, 48-cirrhosis<br>patients (28 male, mean of 57.2 years, Child-Pugh of 8 and MELD score of 10) were<br>randomized (1:1:1:1) to one of three YAQ007 dosing regimens (2 g three times daily;<br>4 g twice daily; 4 g three times daily) or rifaximin (550 mg twice daily) for 5 days under<br>inpatient conditions. A decrease of ammonia at day-5 was observed in group C<br>(p=0.009) and group B (p=0.002). After multivariable adjustment, treatment Group B<br>vs Group D, bilirubin, INR and sodium (p<0.05) remained significant factors for<br>absolute ammonia reduction. Urinary phenylacetylglutamine excretion increased on<br>day 5 compared to day 1 across all YAQ007 dose groups (p<0.001). Exposure–<br>response relationships were variable, and a clear dose–response relationship was not<br>demonstrated. Overall, 20 (55.6%) patients who received YAQ007 and 5 (41.7%) who<br>received rifaximin had at least 1 treatment-emergent adverse events, with mainly mild<br>gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms.<br>Conclusions: In this Phase 2a study, oral YAQ007 demonstrated short-term<br>ammonia-lowering activity at doses ≥4 g BID. Given the exploratory design, these<br>findings are hypothesis-generating and support further clinical evaluation.</p>
title A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 2a Study to Assess the Safety, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacokinetics of YAQ007 Versus Rifaximin in Cirrhosis
topic Hepatic Encephalopathy
Rifaximin
Ammonia
Ornithine Phenylacetate
Cirrhosis
url https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18845290