Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) Saether 1986
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| author | Niitsuma, Hiromi Tang, Hongqu |
| author_facet | Niitsuma, Hiromi Tang, Hongqu |
| contents | <p><b>Subgenus <i>Psilocricotopus</i> Saether, 1986</b></p><p><i>Psilocricotopus</i> Saether, 1986: 72.</p><p><i>Psilocricotopus</i> – Ashe & O’Connor 2012: 559. — Yamamoto & Yamamoto 2014: 296.</p><p><b>Type species</b></p><p><i>Cricotopus atripes</i> Kieffer, 1913 by original designation.</p><p><b>Emended diagnosis</b></p><p><b>Male</b></p><p>Gonocoxite with superior volsella triangular or rounded, thin to relatively thick, never with digitate or horn-like projections; inferior volsella triangular, often double-layered apically, or digitate (the <i>orientalis</i> group). Crista dorsalis usually triangular and small at subapex of gonostylus; occasionally low and broad (<i>R.</i> (<i>P.</i>) <i>togakuroasi</i> (Sasa & Okazawa, 1992)), or indistinct (<i>R.</i> (<i>P.</i>) <i>amamipubescius</i> (Sasa, 1990) and <i>R.</i> (<i>P.</i>) <i>tibialis</i> Wang & Zheng, 1991), or large (<i>R.</i> (<i>P.</i>) <i>binotatus</i> sp. nov., <i>R.</i> (<i>P.</i>) <i>chinogodavarius</i> sp. nov., <i>R</i>. (<i>P.</i>) <i>fasciolatus</i> sp. nov., <i>R</i>. (<i>P.</i>) <i>protuberans</i> sp. nov. and the <i>orientalis</i> group).</p><p><b>Female</b></p><p>Spermathecal ducts usually curved, occasionally looped.</p><p><b>Pupa</b></p><p>Frontal apotome usually smooth, occasionally with low warts (<i>R</i>. (<i>P.</i>) <i>orientalis</i> Wang, 1995). Abdominal tergites III–VI usually without median patch of spines or spinules, occasionally with distinct median cluster of several spines (<i>R</i>. (<i>P.</i>) <i>togakuroasi</i>).</p><p><b>Remarks</b></p><p>Subgeneric diagnoses were given by Saether (1986: 72) and Cranston <i>et al.</i> (1989: 234, in key) for the adult; Coffman <i>et al.</i> (1986: 204, in key) and Saether (1986: 72) for the pupa; and Saether (1986: 72) and Andersen <i>et al.</i> (2013: 254, in key) for the larva. Here, emendations for adult male and pupal diagnoses are given mainly based on newly collected specimens from China and Japan.</p><p>The superior volsella, the inferior volsella and the crista dorsalis, as well as the abdominal colouration are more or less diverse in the male morphology. In addition, the presence of the pupa having median spine patches on the pupal tergites IV–VI may obscure the boundary between the subgenera <i>Psilocricotopus</i> Saether, 1986 and <i>Rheocricotopus</i> s. str. Brundin, 1956.</p><p>Based on the adult morphology, Wang & Saether (2001: 240) wrote: “However, the striking coloration, peculiar genitalia, complete absence of humeral pit and the crista dorsalis which do not conform to any of the subgenera lead us to suggest that the <i>orientalis</i> group form the sister group of the subgenus <i>Psilocricotopus</i> or of the full genus and may deserve subgeneric or even generic rank.” However, our examinations of the males of this species group revealed that these adults actually do have humeral pits. <i>Rheocricotopus</i> (<i>P.</i>) <i>protuberans</i> sp. nov. and <i>R</i>. (<i>P.</i>) <i>chinogodavarius</i> sp. nov. possess large median crista dorsalis. The bicoloured abdomen and the third palpomere bearing many sensilla clavata, regarded by Wang & Saether (2001: 240) as features peculiar to the <i>orientalis</i> group actually occur not only in the <i>orientalis</i> group, but also in the other species groups. Further, the pupa of <i>R.</i> (<i>P.</i>) <i>orientalis</i> resembles that of <i>R</i>. (<i>P.</i>) <i>albulus</i> sp. nov. in lacking frontal setae and any row of spinules posterior to spine rows on tergites III–V or on conjunctives III/IV–V/VI, and in having three pairs of L-setae on segments II–VIII and unfringed anal lobes. Certainly, the digitate inferior volsella is unique within <i>Rheocricotopus</i>, and separates the <i>orientalis</i> group from the other species groups in <i>Psilocricotopus</i>. On the other hand, pupal morphology appears to pull back the <i>orientalis</i> group into the subgenus <i>Psilocricotopus</i>.</p><p>The subgenus <i>Psilocricotopus</i> currently includes four species groups: the <i>atripes</i> group, the <i>chalybeatus</i> group, the <i>godavarius</i> group, and the <i>orientalis</i> group.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_18846720 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) Saether 1986 Niitsuma, Hiromi Tang, Hongqu Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Chironomidae Rheocricotopus <p><b>Subgenus <i>Psilocricotopus</i> Saether, 1986</b></p><p><i>Psilocricotopus</i> Saether, 1986: 72.</p><p><i>Psilocricotopus</i> – Ashe & O’Connor 2012: 559. — Yamamoto & Yamamoto 2014: 296.</p><p><b>Type species</b></p><p><i>Cricotopus atripes</i> Kieffer, 1913 by original designation.</p><p><b>Emended diagnosis</b></p><p><b>Male</b></p><p>Gonocoxite with superior volsella triangular or rounded, thin to relatively thick, never with digitate or horn-like projections; inferior volsella triangular, often double-layered apically, or digitate (the <i>orientalis</i> group). Crista dorsalis usually triangular and small at subapex of gonostylus; occasionally low and broad (<i>R.</i> (<i>P.</i>) <i>togakuroasi</i> (Sasa & Okazawa, 1992)), or indistinct (<i>R.</i> (<i>P.</i>) <i>amamipubescius</i> (Sasa, 1990) and <i>R.</i> (<i>P.</i>) <i>tibialis</i> Wang & Zheng, 1991), or large (<i>R.</i> (<i>P.</i>) <i>binotatus</i> sp. nov., <i>R.</i> (<i>P.</i>) <i>chinogodavarius</i> sp. nov., <i>R</i>. (<i>P.</i>) <i>fasciolatus</i> sp. nov., <i>R</i>. (<i>P.</i>) <i>protuberans</i> sp. nov. and the <i>orientalis</i> group).</p><p><b>Female</b></p><p>Spermathecal ducts usually curved, occasionally looped.</p><p><b>Pupa</b></p><p>Frontal apotome usually smooth, occasionally with low warts (<i>R</i>. (<i>P.</i>) <i>orientalis</i> Wang, 1995). Abdominal tergites III–VI usually without median patch of spines or spinules, occasionally with distinct median cluster of several spines (<i>R</i>. (<i>P.</i>) <i>togakuroasi</i>).</p><p><b>Remarks</b></p><p>Subgeneric diagnoses were given by Saether (1986: 72) and Cranston <i>et al.</i> (1989: 234, in key) for the adult; Coffman <i>et al.</i> (1986: 204, in key) and Saether (1986: 72) for the pupa; and Saether (1986: 72) and Andersen <i>et al.</i> (2013: 254, in key) for the larva. Here, emendations for adult male and pupal diagnoses are given mainly based on newly collected specimens from China and Japan.</p><p>The superior volsella, the inferior volsella and the crista dorsalis, as well as the abdominal colouration are more or less diverse in the male morphology. In addition, the presence of the pupa having median spine patches on the pupal tergites IV–VI may obscure the boundary between the subgenera <i>Psilocricotopus</i> Saether, 1986 and <i>Rheocricotopus</i> s. str. Brundin, 1956.</p><p>Based on the adult morphology, Wang & Saether (2001: 240) wrote: “However, the striking coloration, peculiar genitalia, complete absence of humeral pit and the crista dorsalis which do not conform to any of the subgenera lead us to suggest that the <i>orientalis</i> group form the sister group of the subgenus <i>Psilocricotopus</i> or of the full genus and may deserve subgeneric or even generic rank.” However, our examinations of the males of this species group revealed that these adults actually do have humeral pits. <i>Rheocricotopus</i> (<i>P.</i>) <i>protuberans</i> sp. nov. and <i>R</i>. (<i>P.</i>) <i>chinogodavarius</i> sp. nov. possess large median crista dorsalis. The bicoloured abdomen and the third palpomere bearing many sensilla clavata, regarded by Wang & Saether (2001: 240) as features peculiar to the <i>orientalis</i> group actually occur not only in the <i>orientalis</i> group, but also in the other species groups. Further, the pupa of <i>R.</i> (<i>P.</i>) <i>orientalis</i> resembles that of <i>R</i>. (<i>P.</i>) <i>albulus</i> sp. nov. in lacking frontal setae and any row of spinules posterior to spine rows on tergites III–V or on conjunctives III/IV–V/VI, and in having three pairs of L-setae on segments II–VIII and unfringed anal lobes. Certainly, the digitate inferior volsella is unique within <i>Rheocricotopus</i>, and separates the <i>orientalis</i> group from the other species groups in <i>Psilocricotopus</i>. On the other hand, pupal morphology appears to pull back the <i>orientalis</i> group into the subgenus <i>Psilocricotopus</i>.</p><p>The subgenus <i>Psilocricotopus</i> currently includes four species groups: the <i>atripes</i> group, the <i>chalybeatus</i> group, the <i>godavarius</i> group, and the <i>orientalis</i> group.</p> |
| title | Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) Saether 1986 |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Chironomidae Rheocricotopus |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18846720 |