Pathogen-specific immune responses underlie divergent outcomes of coronavirus and influenza infection in the natural porcine host- 16S rRNA sequencing dataset
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866902330130038784 |
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| author | Sedaghat-Rostami, Ehsan Tchilian, Elma Mehat, Jai |
| author_facet | Sedaghat-Rostami, Ehsan Tchilian, Elma Mehat, Jai |
| contents | <p><span>Coronaviruses and influenza A viruses are major respiratory pathogens with pandemic potential. Using pigs as a translational large-animal model, we compared the virulence, pathogenesis, and immune responses to porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) and pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus (pH1N1). </span><span>PRCV induced higher viral load and prolonged viral shedding, stronger systemic and mucosal T cell activation, expansion of memory B cells, and distinct nasal microbiome changes. In contrast pH1N1 resulted in rapid neutralising antibody production, robust Tfh and germinal centre B cell responses, and broader early nasal microbial diversity. Transcriptional responses to PRCV and pH1N1 infection started with the activation of shared interferon-stimulated genes but later diverged as pathways involving stromal-immune interactions and vascular integrity shaped lung pathology and subsequent immune responses.</span><span> These findings demonstrate fundamental differences in coronavirus and influenza virus-host interactions and establish the pig as a powerful comparative model for studying respiratory virus pathogenesis and immunity.</span></p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_18851034 |
| institution | Zenodo |
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| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
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| spellingShingle | Pathogen-specific immune responses underlie divergent outcomes of coronavirus and influenza infection in the natural porcine host- 16S rRNA sequencing dataset Sedaghat-Rostami, Ehsan Tchilian, Elma Mehat, Jai <p><span>Coronaviruses and influenza A viruses are major respiratory pathogens with pandemic potential. Using pigs as a translational large-animal model, we compared the virulence, pathogenesis, and immune responses to porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) and pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus (pH1N1). </span><span>PRCV induced higher viral load and prolonged viral shedding, stronger systemic and mucosal T cell activation, expansion of memory B cells, and distinct nasal microbiome changes. In contrast pH1N1 resulted in rapid neutralising antibody production, robust Tfh and germinal centre B cell responses, and broader early nasal microbial diversity. Transcriptional responses to PRCV and pH1N1 infection started with the activation of shared interferon-stimulated genes but later diverged as pathways involving stromal-immune interactions and vascular integrity shaped lung pathology and subsequent immune responses.</span><span> These findings demonstrate fundamental differences in coronavirus and influenza virus-host interactions and establish the pig as a powerful comparative model for studying respiratory virus pathogenesis and immunity.</span></p> |
| title | Pathogen-specific immune responses underlie divergent outcomes of coronavirus and influenza infection in the natural porcine host- 16S rRNA sequencing dataset |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18851034 |