AN OBLIVIOUS AND ROBUST MULTIPLE IMAGE WATERMARKING SCHEME USING GENETIC ALGORITHM
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866901069160775680 |
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| author | IJMA |
| author_facet | IJMA |
| contents | <p>A novel oblivious and robust image watermarking scheme using Multiple Descriptions Coding (MDC) and Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) is presented in this work. In the proposed scheme, watermark is embedded in two stages to increase the robustness of the watermark against many of the image processing attacks. First stage embedding is based on MDC. Using MDC, the host image is partitioned into two sub images called even description and odd description. Blocked Discrete Hadamard Transform (DHT) is applied for both descriptions. The binary watermark is embedded in the resulting DC coefficients of the odd description using DC coefficients of the even description as the reference. In the second stage, copy of the same watermark is embedded in the first stage watermarked image using QIM. Proposed scheme is characterized with parameters and Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used for parameter optimization and thereby performance improvement is achieved over the existing methods in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Normalized Cross correlation (NCC). Experimental results show that, this algorithm is highly robust for many image attacks on the watermarked image.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_18860255 |
| institution | Zenodo |
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| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | AN OBLIVIOUS AND ROBUST MULTIPLE IMAGE WATERMARKING SCHEME USING GENETIC ALGORITHM IJMA <p>A novel oblivious and robust image watermarking scheme using Multiple Descriptions Coding (MDC) and Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) is presented in this work. In the proposed scheme, watermark is embedded in two stages to increase the robustness of the watermark against many of the image processing attacks. First stage embedding is based on MDC. Using MDC, the host image is partitioned into two sub images called even description and odd description. Blocked Discrete Hadamard Transform (DHT) is applied for both descriptions. The binary watermark is embedded in the resulting DC coefficients of the odd description using DC coefficients of the even description as the reference. In the second stage, copy of the same watermark is embedded in the first stage watermarked image using QIM. Proposed scheme is characterized with parameters and Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used for parameter optimization and thereby performance improvement is achieved over the existing methods in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Normalized Cross correlation (NCC). Experimental results show that, this algorithm is highly robust for many image attacks on the watermarked image.</p> |
| title | AN OBLIVIOUS AND ROBUST MULTIPLE IMAGE WATERMARKING SCHEME USING GENETIC ALGORITHM |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18860255 |