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| Format: | Recurso digital |
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Zenodo
2026
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18900793 |
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Table of Contents:
- <p> We present a theory where time emerges from entropy production at different coarse- <br> graining scales, naturally explaining cosmic acceleration without dark energy. From <br> four axioms (quantum state existence, entropy monotonicity, holographic scaling N( <br> μ)=(μ/lₚ)², and scale response δ=1/4), we derive a time flow rate Φ(μ)=√((μ/lₚ)²-1)<br> that increases with cosmic expansion. This creates a positive feedback loop—expans<br> ion increases entropy, which accelerates time flow, creating apparent acceleration—<br> suppressed in the early universe by gravity (γ(ρ)→0 at high density) but activated<br> at late times (γ→1/4 at low density). The theory predicts H(z)=H₀(1+z)^(3/4) with o<br> nly one free parameter, achieving ΔBIC=-1.3 compared to ΛCDM on Pantheon+ supernova<br> e (1590 SNe). Crucially, we derive light speed invariance from time-space co-emerge<br> nce rather than assuming it: both emerge from entropy processing, so c=(space/entro<br> py)/(time/entropy) remains constant even as Φ varies—the "clock" and "ruler" are ma<br> de from the same logic. The theory also reproduces quantum uncertainty ΔE·Δt≥ℏ/2 as<br> an emergent statistical result (verified via tensor network simulations: σ~N^(-0.5<br> 2)) rather than a postulate. Key challenges include: (1) CMB angular scale requires<br> state-dependent γ(ρ) with numerical verification pending, (2) galaxy rotation curv<br> es show mediocre fits (χ²/dof=1.8), suggesting real dark matter may be needed at ga<br> lactic scales, and (3) the scale response δ=1/4 is currently an axiom validated obs<br> ervationally rather than derived from quantum gravity. Despite these limitations, t<br> he theory offers a testable alternative to ΛCDM with minimal assumptions (4 axioms,<br> 1 free parameter), no fine-tuning, and deep insights into the nature of time and l<br> ight speed. Publication target: Physical Review D or JCAP within 3-6 months after c<br> ompleting numerical CMB verification and full Pantheon+ MCMC analysis.</p>