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| Format: | Recurso digital |
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Zenodo
2026
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18922209 |
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Table of Contents:
- <p>Oral cancer constitutes a major global public health challenge, accounting for significant <br>morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burden (Warnakulasuriya, 2018; Bray et al., 2020; <br>Siegel et al., 2022). Predominantly categorized under head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas <br>(HNSCCs), oral cancers arise from the epithelial lining of the lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, floor <br>of the mouth, gingiva, or hard palate (Chi et al., 2015; Rivera, 2015). Despite advances in <br>diagnostic technology and multimodal treatments, survival rates have remained largely <br>unchanged for decades, primarily due to late-stage diagnosis, aggressive disease progression, and <br>limited public awareness (Scully & Bagan, 2009; Mehrotra & Gupta, 2006). This paper provides <br>a detailed and structured exploration of oral cancer with a specific focus on its epidemiology, <br>etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic foundations, and current treatment <br>modalities. It emphasizes fundamental concepts while integrating contemporary research trends <br>such as molecular biomarkers (Glazer et al., 2009; Nagao et al., 2012), precision oncology (Kang <br>et al., 2015), artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostics (Hsu et al., 2021; Gupta et al., 2019), <br>targeted therapy (Cohen, 2019; Al-Dakkak, 2013), and immunotherapy (Ferris, 2017; Cohen et <br>al., 2016). </p>