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| Format: | Recurso digital |
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Zenodo
2026
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18961528 |
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Table of Contents:
- <p><span lang="EN-US">Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the experimentally verified non-Abelian gauge theory describing the strong interaction, yet the origin of its color symmetry remains conceptually unexplained. We propose that the gauge structure of QCD arises naturally from closure relations among primitive relational observables. Minimal non-Abelian operator closure generates a three-generator algebra isomorphic to </span><span lang="EN-US"></span><span lang="EN-US">, representing an elementary interaction cell. We show that the first non-trivial multiplicity of equivalent closure channels necessarily generates a traceless unitary mixing algebra </span><span lang="EN-US"></span><span lang="EN-US">. Local covariance of this tripled closure sector reproduces the Yang–Mills gauge dynamics of QCD. In this framework quarks correspond to excitations of closure channels, while gluons arise as generators of traceless channel mixing. The framework naturally explains color confinement as a consequence of closure invariance. Microscopic relational states may be represented in a diagrammatic Hilbert space whose partition functions determine spectral observables. Thermodynamic coarse-graining of the relational operator ensemble yields macroscopic spacetime geometry through entropy extremization. Exceptional symmetry associated with the octonionic automorphism group </span><span lang="EN-US"></span><span lang="EN-US"> provides a deeper mathematical origin of the tripled closure structure. The resulting framework suggests that gauge interactions and spacetime geometry may emerge from a single relational algebraic principle.</span></p>