Ethosomes as Advanced Vesicular Nanocarriers for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Formulation Principles, Mechanistic Insights, Characterization Strategies, and Therapeutic Applications

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Autor principal: Vaidehi Mane*, Saeed Mulla, Abhishek Jalihale, Kiran Mokashi, Naziya Patel
Formato: Recurso digital
Publicado: Zenodo 2026
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author Vaidehi Mane*, Saeed Mulla, Abhishek Jalihale, Kiran Mokashi, Naziya Patel
author_facet Vaidehi Mane*, Saeed Mulla, Abhishek Jalihale, Kiran Mokashi, Naziya Patel
contents <p><span>Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional oral and parenteral routes due to their ability to enhance patient compliance, provide controlled drug release, and bypass hepatic first-pass metabolism. However, the highly organized lipid matrix of the stratum corneum represents a formidable barrier that restricts drug permeation. Ethosomes, ethanol-rich phospholipid nanovesicles, have been developed as advanced carriers capable of enhancing dermal and transdermal drug delivery.<strong> </strong>This comprehensive review discusses the structural organization of the skin barrier, limitations of conventional vesicular systems, formulation design of ethosomes, mechanisms underlying enhanced permeation, preparation methods, physicochemical characterization, optimization strategies, stability concerns, and scale-up considerations. A critical comparison with conventional liposomes and transfersomes is provided. Furthermore, therapeutic applications including antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anti-psoriatic, and chronic disease management are examined. Emerging hybrid systems such as transethosomes and ethosomal gels are also discussed. Finally, regulatory challenges, clinical translation barriers, and future research directions are analyzed. Ethosomes represent a promising nanotechnological platform for next-generation transdermal drug delivery, though further clinical validation is required for widespread commercialization</span></p>
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spellingShingle Ethosomes as Advanced Vesicular Nanocarriers for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Formulation Principles, Mechanistic Insights, Characterization Strategies, and Therapeutic Applications
Vaidehi Mane*, Saeed Mulla, Abhishek Jalihale, Kiran Mokashi, Naziya Patel
Ethosomes, Transdermal drug delivery, Vesicular nanocarriers, Skin permeation, Nanotechnology, Phospholipid vesicles
<p><span>Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional oral and parenteral routes due to their ability to enhance patient compliance, provide controlled drug release, and bypass hepatic first-pass metabolism. However, the highly organized lipid matrix of the stratum corneum represents a formidable barrier that restricts drug permeation. Ethosomes, ethanol-rich phospholipid nanovesicles, have been developed as advanced carriers capable of enhancing dermal and transdermal drug delivery.<strong> </strong>This comprehensive review discusses the structural organization of the skin barrier, limitations of conventional vesicular systems, formulation design of ethosomes, mechanisms underlying enhanced permeation, preparation methods, physicochemical characterization, optimization strategies, stability concerns, and scale-up considerations. A critical comparison with conventional liposomes and transfersomes is provided. Furthermore, therapeutic applications including antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anti-psoriatic, and chronic disease management are examined. Emerging hybrid systems such as transethosomes and ethosomal gels are also discussed. Finally, regulatory challenges, clinical translation barriers, and future research directions are analyzed. Ethosomes represent a promising nanotechnological platform for next-generation transdermal drug delivery, though further clinical validation is required for widespread commercialization</span></p>
title Ethosomes as Advanced Vesicular Nanocarriers for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Formulation Principles, Mechanistic Insights, Characterization Strategies, and Therapeutic Applications
topic Ethosomes, Transdermal drug delivery, Vesicular nanocarriers, Skin permeation, Nanotechnology, Phospholipid vesicles
url https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18979237