Ad Hominem Laundering: The Epistemic Vacuity and Rhetorical Power of the "Conspiracy Theory" Label

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1. Verfasser: Sophia, Franny Philos
Format: Recurso digital
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Zenodo 2026
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author Sophia, Franny Philos
author_facet Sophia, Franny Philos
contents <p>The label "conspiracy theory" carries zero informational content regarding the truth-value of any<br>proposition to which it is applied: a false proposition is false whether or not it is so labeled, and a true<br>proposition remains true regardless. Yet the label functions as one of the most effective mechanisms of<br>epistemic suppression in contemporary discourse. This paper identifies the mechanism responsible for this<br>disjunction between informational vacuity and rhetorical power: ad hominem laundering — the process by<br>which an attack on the speaker is disguised as an evaluation of the proposition through the application of a<br>pseudo-epistemological label. We demonstrate that the statement "that is a conspiracy theory" performs the<br>same logical operation as "you are a liar," but camouflages this ad hominem as an epistemological<br>classification. The analysis proceeds through five arguments: (1) a formal demonstration that the label’s<br>truth-value information is exactly zero; (2) a self-selection argument showing that the pool of claims<br>circulating as "conspiracy theories" is structurally biased against deliberate fabrication, since rational<br>fabricators self-select into fiction; (3) a tripartite analysis of receiver responses revealing that the label’s<br>effectiveness correlates inversely with epistemic competence — the signature of an epistemological<br>obstruction device; (4) an analysis of how the label inverts the burden of proof by exploiting information<br>asymmetries; and (5) a demonstration that the label bypasses the examination of boundary conditions,<br>terminating inquiry before evaluation begins. The paper concludes that the label is structurally illegitimate<br>regardless of the truth-value distribution of conspiracy theories, and that naming the mechanism — ad<br>hominem laundering — removes the condition on which its success depends: invisibility.</p>
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publishDate 2026
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spellingShingle Ad Hominem Laundering: The Epistemic Vacuity and Rhetorical Power of the "Conspiracy Theory" Label
Sophia, Franny Philos
conspiracy theory
ad hominem
epistemic injustice
information asymmetry
burden of proof
rhetorical analysis
social epistemology
<p>The label "conspiracy theory" carries zero informational content regarding the truth-value of any<br>proposition to which it is applied: a false proposition is false whether or not it is so labeled, and a true<br>proposition remains true regardless. Yet the label functions as one of the most effective mechanisms of<br>epistemic suppression in contemporary discourse. This paper identifies the mechanism responsible for this<br>disjunction between informational vacuity and rhetorical power: ad hominem laundering — the process by<br>which an attack on the speaker is disguised as an evaluation of the proposition through the application of a<br>pseudo-epistemological label. We demonstrate that the statement "that is a conspiracy theory" performs the<br>same logical operation as "you are a liar," but camouflages this ad hominem as an epistemological<br>classification. The analysis proceeds through five arguments: (1) a formal demonstration that the label’s<br>truth-value information is exactly zero; (2) a self-selection argument showing that the pool of claims<br>circulating as "conspiracy theories" is structurally biased against deliberate fabrication, since rational<br>fabricators self-select into fiction; (3) a tripartite analysis of receiver responses revealing that the label’s<br>effectiveness correlates inversely with epistemic competence — the signature of an epistemological<br>obstruction device; (4) an analysis of how the label inverts the burden of proof by exploiting information<br>asymmetries; and (5) a demonstration that the label bypasses the examination of boundary conditions,<br>terminating inquiry before evaluation begins. The paper concludes that the label is structurally illegitimate<br>regardless of the truth-value distribution of conspiracy theories, and that naming the mechanism — ad<br>hominem laundering — removes the condition on which its success depends: invisibility.</p>
title Ad Hominem Laundering: The Epistemic Vacuity and Rhetorical Power of the "Conspiracy Theory" Label
topic conspiracy theory
ad hominem
epistemic injustice
information asymmetry
burden of proof
rhetorical analysis
social epistemology
url https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18979343