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2026
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19051734 |
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| author | MOZAHAB, ALIREZA |
| author_facet | MOZAHAB, ALIREZA |
| contents | <p>Orthodontic biomechanics and periodontal biology are inseparably linked. Orthodontic appliances improve smile esthetics and masticatory function but can also precipitate gingival inflammation, mucogingival defects, and root resorption if periodontal risk is overlooked. This narrative review integrates histological, microbiological, and clinical data to describe (1) the structure‑function relationships of the periodontium, (2) the bidirectional influence of orthodontic forces on periodontal tissues, and (3) evidence‑based protocols that minimize complications and leverage synergistic benefits. Orthodontic treatment is associated with a mean additional alveolar‑bone loss of ≈ 0.13 mm and a 0.23 mm increase in probing depth when compared with no treatment, underscoring the need for meticulous plaque control and supportive therapy. Key risk modifiers include a history of periodontitis, poor oral hygiene, smoking, systemic conditions such as diabetes, and prolonged or heavy orthodontic forces. Early, comprehensive periodontal charting, baseline radiographs, and individualized recall intervals form the cornerstone of prevention. Continuous monitoring permits timely intervention for emergent problems such as external root resorption, which may affect up to 98 % of patients to a mild degree and warrants suspension of tooth movement for 2–6 months when detected. Conversely, orthodontics can enhance periodontal health by intruding plaque-retentive teeth, uprighting molars, repositioning labially displaced roots into the bony envelope, and creating ideal ridge contours that potentiate guided bone regeneration or implant site development via the regional acceleratory phenomenon. By synthesizing these data, the review proposes a practical, phase-specific checklist that facilitates seamless communication between orthodontists and periodontists and supports a truly interdisciplinary approach. The overall message is clear: orthodontic treatment neither inherently harms nor guarantees periodontal health; patient-specific risk assessment, impeccable hygiene, and coordinated care determine the outcome.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_19051734 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Periodontics and Orthodontics MOZAHAB, ALIREZA <p>Orthodontic biomechanics and periodontal biology are inseparably linked. Orthodontic appliances improve smile esthetics and masticatory function but can also precipitate gingival inflammation, mucogingival defects, and root resorption if periodontal risk is overlooked. This narrative review integrates histological, microbiological, and clinical data to describe (1) the structure‑function relationships of the periodontium, (2) the bidirectional influence of orthodontic forces on periodontal tissues, and (3) evidence‑based protocols that minimize complications and leverage synergistic benefits. Orthodontic treatment is associated with a mean additional alveolar‑bone loss of ≈ 0.13 mm and a 0.23 mm increase in probing depth when compared with no treatment, underscoring the need for meticulous plaque control and supportive therapy. Key risk modifiers include a history of periodontitis, poor oral hygiene, smoking, systemic conditions such as diabetes, and prolonged or heavy orthodontic forces. Early, comprehensive periodontal charting, baseline radiographs, and individualized recall intervals form the cornerstone of prevention. Continuous monitoring permits timely intervention for emergent problems such as external root resorption, which may affect up to 98 % of patients to a mild degree and warrants suspension of tooth movement for 2–6 months when detected. Conversely, orthodontics can enhance periodontal health by intruding plaque-retentive teeth, uprighting molars, repositioning labially displaced roots into the bony envelope, and creating ideal ridge contours that potentiate guided bone regeneration or implant site development via the regional acceleratory phenomenon. By synthesizing these data, the review proposes a practical, phase-specific checklist that facilitates seamless communication between orthodontists and periodontists and supports a truly interdisciplinary approach. The overall message is clear: orthodontic treatment neither inherently harms nor guarantees periodontal health; patient-specific risk assessment, impeccable hygiene, and coordinated care determine the outcome.</p> |
| title | Periodontics and Orthodontics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19051734 |