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| Format: | Recurso digital |
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Zenodo
2026
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19061351 |
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Table of Contents:
- <p>Based on the core framework of Boundary Interface Theory (BIT), this study reveals the intrinsic physical essence of covalent bonds as the <strong>resonance lock of spacetime membrane standing waves</strong> induced by dual-proton membrane pressure, abandoning traditional abstract hypotheses of "electron pair sharing" and "atomic orbital overlap". Three quantifiable physical conditions for resonance lock formation are defined, a first-principles bond energy formula is derived, and the classic characteristics (saturation, directionality, anti-bonding state) and dynamic evolution (formation, dissociation, recombination) of covalent bonds are systematically explained from the perspective of spacetime membrane mechanics. The theory is verified by the H₂ diatomic system with theoretical calculations consistent with experimental measurements, realizing the natural expansion of BIT from single-atom systems to diatomic covalent bond systems and establishing a direct connection between spacetime membrane dynamics and molecular bonding behavior.</p>