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Zenodo
2026
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19078872 |
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- <div> <div> <div> <div> <div dir="auto"> <div> <div> <p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p><em>The SQC Invariant in Hydrogenic Theory III: The Exact Connection Between the Two SQC Scretching Invariants</em> completes a three-part investigation into the structure of radiative invariants in hydrogenic systems by establishing a precise algebraic equivalence between two previously derived SQC quantities. Building directly on earlier results, this work demonstrates that the spontaneous-emission time constant and the stimulated-radiation cofactor are not independent constructs but rather complementary expressions of the same underlying electromagnetic content.</p> <p>The first invariant, associated with spontaneous emission, governs the Einstein A-coefficient sector and encodes the characteristic radiative decay timescale. The second invariant, tied to stimulated processes, governs the Einstein <span><span>BB</span><span><span><span>B</span></span></span></span>-coefficient sector and captures the coupling strength to external radiation fields. Using the standard Einstein relations in the ordinary-frequency convention, the paper derives an exact proportionality linking these two quantities through a simple conversion factor involving fundamental constants.</p> <p>This result shows that</p> <span><span><span>JSQC=c38πh ISQC, ISQC=8πhc3 JSQC,J_{\text{SQC}} = \frac{c^3}{8\pi h} \, I_{\text{SQC}}, \quad I_{\text{SQC}} = \frac{8\pi h}{c^3} \, J_{\text{SQC}},</span><span><span><span><span>J</span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>SQC</span></span></span></span><span></span></span></span></span></span><span>=</span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span>8<span>πh</span><span>c</span><span><span><span><span>3</span></span></span></span></span><span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span>I</span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>SQC</span></span></span></span><span></span></span></span></span></span><span>,</span><span><span>I</span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>SQC</span></span></span></span><span></span></span></span></span></span><span>=</span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>c</span><span><span><span><span>3</span></span></span></span>8<span>πh</span></span><span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span>J</span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>SQC</span></span></span></span><span></span></span></span></span></span><span>,</span></span></span></span></span> <p>establishing that the two invariants are algebraically interchangeable representations connected by the spontaneous-to-stimulated transition framework originally formulated by <span><span>Albert Einstein</span></span>. In this interpretation, the distinction between spontaneous and stimulated emission is not a separation of constants, but a redistribution of the same invariant structure across different radiative regimes.</p> <p>The analysis carefully adheres to standard conventions, including the ordinary-frequency formulation of Einstein coefficients and established degeneracy relations. Consistency with modern physical constants is maintained through the use of <span><span>National Institute of Standards and Technology</span></span> CODATA 2022 values, and the treatment aligns with established literature such as the review by <span><span>Robert C. Hilborn</span></span>.</p> <p>Overall, this paper clarifies that the SQC invariants do not introduce new physics, but instead reveal a hidden algebraic unity within the standard radiative formalism. By explicitly connecting the <span><span>AA</span><span><span><span>A</span></span></span></span>- and <span><span>BB</span><span><span><span>B</span></span></span></span>-coefficient sectors, it provides a compact and conceptually transparent framework for understanding how spontaneous and stimulated processes arise from the same fundamental electromagnetic structure.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> </div>