Otxuruu Pantoja, Bonaldo, Brescovit & Labarque, 2025, gen. nov.
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| author | Pantoja, Paulo Bonaldo, Alexandre B. Brescovit, Antonio D. Labarque, Facundo M. |
| author_facet | Pantoja, Paulo Bonaldo, Alexandre B. Brescovit, Antonio D. Labarque, Facundo M. |
| contents | <p><b>Genus <i>Otxuruu</i> gen. nov.</b></p><p>Figs 1–10</p><p><b>Type species.</b> <i>Otxuruu fallax</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p><p><b>Etymology.</b> The generic name is a noun meaning spider in Karaja language, in honor of the Karajás, indigenous people who inhabit the surrounding regions of the type locality, where most specimens were collected (Serra dos Carajás, Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil). The gender is neuter.</p><p><b>Diagnosis.</b> Males and females of <i>Otxuruu</i> <b>gen. nov.</b> resemble those of <i>Naatlo</i> Coddington, 1986 and <i>Epeirotypus</i> O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 (i.e., Epeirotypinae), by the thoracic area of the prosoma laterally swollen (Figs 2B, 6C, D; referred to “lateral shoulders” in Coddington 1986: figs 46, 52, 57, 74, 86), the conductor lacking a mesal blade that covers the embolus (Figs 7A, B, D, 9A, B; Coddington 1986: figs 42, 43, 71, 73; Dupérré & Tapia 2017: fig. 7) and the domed (i.e., elevated ventrally) epigynal plate (Fig. 6D; Coddington 1986: figs 46, 52, 74, 86). Males and females of <i>Otxuruu</i> <b>gen. nov.</b> can be distinguished from those of other Epeirotypinae species by the spinneret-like lobules posteriorly projected on the opisthosoma (Figs 1B, 5A–D, 6A–F). Males can also be distinguished by the short embolus bearing two conspicuous embolic apophysis: one slender, long and curved, and the other, flat, robust, subquadrate in mesal view (Figs 7A, B, D, 9A, B) (in contrast with a bulky embolus lacking an embolic apophysis in the other Epeirotypinae genera; Coddington 1986: figs 43, 71, 73; Labarque <i>et al</i>. 2025: figs 14E, 15E, 18E, 24E, 26E). Females can also be distinguished by the sclerotized, wider than long scape (Figs 8A, C, 9D), the proximal sector of the copulatory ducts irregular and membranous (Figs 8B, D, 9F), the distal sector of the copulatory ducts flat and broad, sclerotized, inserted ventro-posteriorly in the spermathecae (Figs 8B, D, 9F) and the spermathecae cylindrical, longer than wide (Figs 8B, D, 9F) (in contrast with an epigyne lacking a scape, the proximal sector of the copulatory ducts massive, the distal sector of the copulatory ducts short, simple, inserted laterally to posteriorly in the spermathecae, and ovoid to irregular spermathecae in the other Epeirotypinae genera; see Coddington 1986: figs 50, 51, 78, 80; Labarque <i>et al.</i> 2025: figs 17D, 19D, 20D, 21D, 22D, 23D, 25D).</p><p><b>Description</b>. Prosoma longer than wide, narrower at cephalic region and slightly higher anteriorly (Figs 2A, B, 6A, B), smooth cuticle with a few anteriorly inclined setae near ocular area (Figs 2A, B). Ocular area anteriorly projected over clypeus in males, AME circular, the others ellipsoid. Sternum longer than wide, posterior margin narrower than anterior (Figs 2C, 6E, F); sternal pits on the anterior margin and small humps on anterolateral corners (Fig. 2C); scaly cuticle, setae inserted on cuticular protuberances (Fig. 2D). Chelicerae longer than wide. Labium wider than long, anterior margin convex (Fig. 2C). Endites ventrally projected.</p><p>Legs with scaly cuticle (Figs 3A–G), legs I–II a little more robust than III–IV (Fig. 6). Tibiae I–IV with dorsal trichobothria (Fig. 3G), bothrium with an elevated proximal plate (Fig. 3D). Patellae with a prolateral hump, large lyriform organs and a dorso-apical macroseta (Figs 3A, B, E, F). Tarsi with three claws (Figs 3H, I), elongated inferior claw, pectinate superior ones (Figs 3H–I), with serrated accessory setae near the claws (Figs 3H, I).</p><p>Opisthosoma longer than wide (Figs 5, 6), about two times higher than prosoma in females and 1.5 times higher in males; anterior margin straight with angular corners, dorsolateral margins with six conical tubercles (Figs 5A, B), posterior region with a cluster of finger-like lobules, spinneret-shaped, on a projection formed by cuticular folds (Fig. 5); in females, setae arise on sclerotized ellipsoid plates (Figs 4A, 5D). Spinnerets ventrally located (Figs 4B–D, 6C, D). Anterior lateral spinnerets with a large major ampullate gland spigot accompanied by a nubbin and ca. 40 piriform gland spigots, with many tartipores between them (Fig. 4B). Posterior median spinnerets with a large minor ampullate gland spigot accompanied by a nubbin, a large cylindrical gland spigot and three thin aciniform gland spigots (Fig. 4C). Posterior lateral spinnerets with two aggregate gland spigots, two peripherical cylindrical gland spigots, one flagelliform and ten aciniform gland spigots (Fig. 4D).</p><p>Male palp with a broad retrolateral cymbial lamella, occupying about 1/3 of the retrolateral face of the cymbium (Fig. 9C); basal retrolateral paracymbium hook-shaped with pointed apex (Fig. 9C); tegulum with a median ventral spur (Figs 7A, 9A); median apophysis robust, flat, with an anterior projection (Figs 7A, 9A); conductor wider than long, not covering the embolus (Figs 7A, B, 9A, B); embolic division bearing a short embolus and two apical embolic apophyses: a long, slender, coiled prolateral one, and a flat, large, subquadrate (in mesal view) retrolateral one (Figs 7A, B, 9A, B), with the opening of ejaculatory duct concealed on the posterior surface of the embolus.</p><p>Female epigynal plate with a small central pit, a pair of lateral pits and a transverse median line delimiting a scape (Figs 8A, C, 9D); scape sclerotized, laminar, wider than long, posteriorly projected, with an unsclerotized, wider than long median field (Figs 8A–C, E, 9D); copulatory openings wide, located posteriorly, hidden by the scape. Vulva with copulatory ducts composed by a wide, striated, translucent proximal sector, with a posterior fold, U-shaped in dorsal view (Figs 8B, D, 9F), positioned lateral to spermathecae; and a distal sector wide, flat and sclerotized, lying ventral to spermathecae, and tapering posteriorly into a cylindrical portion (Figs 8F–H, 9E); spermathecae cylindrical, longer than wide, attached to each other along the inner wall and posteriorly curved outward (Figs 8B, D, 9F); fertilization ducts arise from the posterior region of the spermathecae, covered by two hyaline posterior tabs (Figs 8D, 9F).</p><p><b>Remarks.</b> Due to the set of characters shared by <i>Otxuruu</i> <b>gen. nov.</b> and the epeirotypines <i>Epeirotypus</i> and <i>Naatlo</i>, <i>Otxuruu</i> <b>gen. nov.</b> is here included in Epeirotypinae (see Discussion).</p><p><b>Composition.</b> Only the type species <i>Otxuruu fallax</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p><p><b>Distribution.</b> Amazon Basin in Ecuador and Brazil (Fig. 10).</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_19137029 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Otxuruu Pantoja, Bonaldo, Brescovit & Labarque, 2025, gen. nov. Pantoja, Paulo Bonaldo, Alexandre B. Brescovit, Antonio D. Labarque, Facundo M. Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Arachnida Araneae Theridiosomatidae Otxuruu <p><b>Genus <i>Otxuruu</i> gen. nov.</b></p><p>Figs 1–10</p><p><b>Type species.</b> <i>Otxuruu fallax</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p><p><b>Etymology.</b> The generic name is a noun meaning spider in Karaja language, in honor of the Karajás, indigenous people who inhabit the surrounding regions of the type locality, where most specimens were collected (Serra dos Carajás, Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil). The gender is neuter.</p><p><b>Diagnosis.</b> Males and females of <i>Otxuruu</i> <b>gen. nov.</b> resemble those of <i>Naatlo</i> Coddington, 1986 and <i>Epeirotypus</i> O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 (i.e., Epeirotypinae), by the thoracic area of the prosoma laterally swollen (Figs 2B, 6C, D; referred to “lateral shoulders” in Coddington 1986: figs 46, 52, 57, 74, 86), the conductor lacking a mesal blade that covers the embolus (Figs 7A, B, D, 9A, B; Coddington 1986: figs 42, 43, 71, 73; Dupérré & Tapia 2017: fig. 7) and the domed (i.e., elevated ventrally) epigynal plate (Fig. 6D; Coddington 1986: figs 46, 52, 74, 86). Males and females of <i>Otxuruu</i> <b>gen. nov.</b> can be distinguished from those of other Epeirotypinae species by the spinneret-like lobules posteriorly projected on the opisthosoma (Figs 1B, 5A–D, 6A–F). Males can also be distinguished by the short embolus bearing two conspicuous embolic apophysis: one slender, long and curved, and the other, flat, robust, subquadrate in mesal view (Figs 7A, B, D, 9A, B) (in contrast with a bulky embolus lacking an embolic apophysis in the other Epeirotypinae genera; Coddington 1986: figs 43, 71, 73; Labarque <i>et al</i>. 2025: figs 14E, 15E, 18E, 24E, 26E). Females can also be distinguished by the sclerotized, wider than long scape (Figs 8A, C, 9D), the proximal sector of the copulatory ducts irregular and membranous (Figs 8B, D, 9F), the distal sector of the copulatory ducts flat and broad, sclerotized, inserted ventro-posteriorly in the spermathecae (Figs 8B, D, 9F) and the spermathecae cylindrical, longer than wide (Figs 8B, D, 9F) (in contrast with an epigyne lacking a scape, the proximal sector of the copulatory ducts massive, the distal sector of the copulatory ducts short, simple, inserted laterally to posteriorly in the spermathecae, and ovoid to irregular spermathecae in the other Epeirotypinae genera; see Coddington 1986: figs 50, 51, 78, 80; Labarque <i>et al.</i> 2025: figs 17D, 19D, 20D, 21D, 22D, 23D, 25D).</p><p><b>Description</b>. Prosoma longer than wide, narrower at cephalic region and slightly higher anteriorly (Figs 2A, B, 6A, B), smooth cuticle with a few anteriorly inclined setae near ocular area (Figs 2A, B). Ocular area anteriorly projected over clypeus in males, AME circular, the others ellipsoid. Sternum longer than wide, posterior margin narrower than anterior (Figs 2C, 6E, F); sternal pits on the anterior margin and small humps on anterolateral corners (Fig. 2C); scaly cuticle, setae inserted on cuticular protuberances (Fig. 2D). Chelicerae longer than wide. Labium wider than long, anterior margin convex (Fig. 2C). Endites ventrally projected.</p><p>Legs with scaly cuticle (Figs 3A–G), legs I–II a little more robust than III–IV (Fig. 6). Tibiae I–IV with dorsal trichobothria (Fig. 3G), bothrium with an elevated proximal plate (Fig. 3D). Patellae with a prolateral hump, large lyriform organs and a dorso-apical macroseta (Figs 3A, B, E, F). Tarsi with three claws (Figs 3H, I), elongated inferior claw, pectinate superior ones (Figs 3H–I), with serrated accessory setae near the claws (Figs 3H, I).</p><p>Opisthosoma longer than wide (Figs 5, 6), about two times higher than prosoma in females and 1.5 times higher in males; anterior margin straight with angular corners, dorsolateral margins with six conical tubercles (Figs 5A, B), posterior region with a cluster of finger-like lobules, spinneret-shaped, on a projection formed by cuticular folds (Fig. 5); in females, setae arise on sclerotized ellipsoid plates (Figs 4A, 5D). Spinnerets ventrally located (Figs 4B–D, 6C, D). Anterior lateral spinnerets with a large major ampullate gland spigot accompanied by a nubbin and ca. 40 piriform gland spigots, with many tartipores between them (Fig. 4B). Posterior median spinnerets with a large minor ampullate gland spigot accompanied by a nubbin, a large cylindrical gland spigot and three thin aciniform gland spigots (Fig. 4C). Posterior lateral spinnerets with two aggregate gland spigots, two peripherical cylindrical gland spigots, one flagelliform and ten aciniform gland spigots (Fig. 4D).</p><p>Male palp with a broad retrolateral cymbial lamella, occupying about 1/3 of the retrolateral face of the cymbium (Fig. 9C); basal retrolateral paracymbium hook-shaped with pointed apex (Fig. 9C); tegulum with a median ventral spur (Figs 7A, 9A); median apophysis robust, flat, with an anterior projection (Figs 7A, 9A); conductor wider than long, not covering the embolus (Figs 7A, B, 9A, B); embolic division bearing a short embolus and two apical embolic apophyses: a long, slender, coiled prolateral one, and a flat, large, subquadrate (in mesal view) retrolateral one (Figs 7A, B, 9A, B), with the opening of ejaculatory duct concealed on the posterior surface of the embolus.</p><p>Female epigynal plate with a small central pit, a pair of lateral pits and a transverse median line delimiting a scape (Figs 8A, C, 9D); scape sclerotized, laminar, wider than long, posteriorly projected, with an unsclerotized, wider than long median field (Figs 8A–C, E, 9D); copulatory openings wide, located posteriorly, hidden by the scape. Vulva with copulatory ducts composed by a wide, striated, translucent proximal sector, with a posterior fold, U-shaped in dorsal view (Figs 8B, D, 9F), positioned lateral to spermathecae; and a distal sector wide, flat and sclerotized, lying ventral to spermathecae, and tapering posteriorly into a cylindrical portion (Figs 8F–H, 9E); spermathecae cylindrical, longer than wide, attached to each other along the inner wall and posteriorly curved outward (Figs 8B, D, 9F); fertilization ducts arise from the posterior region of the spermathecae, covered by two hyaline posterior tabs (Figs 8D, 9F).</p><p><b>Remarks.</b> Due to the set of characters shared by <i>Otxuruu</i> <b>gen. nov.</b> and the epeirotypines <i>Epeirotypus</i> and <i>Naatlo</i>, <i>Otxuruu</i> <b>gen. nov.</b> is here included in Epeirotypinae (see Discussion).</p><p><b>Composition.</b> Only the type species <i>Otxuruu fallax</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p><p><b>Distribution.</b> Amazon Basin in Ecuador and Brazil (Fig. 10).</p> |
| title | Otxuruu Pantoja, Bonaldo, Brescovit & Labarque, 2025, gen. nov. |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Arachnida Araneae Theridiosomatidae Otxuruu |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19137029 |