Zethus productus Fox 1899
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2025
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| author | Oliveira, Suelen Cristina Da Silva Cruz De Gomes, Rayane Sales Lopes, Rogerio Botion Silveira, Orlando Tobias |
| author_facet | Oliveira, Suelen Cristina Da Silva Cruz De Gomes, Rayane Sales Lopes, Rogerio Botion Silveira, Orlando Tobias |
| contents | <p><b><i>Zethus productus</i> Fox, 1899</b></p><p>(Figs 13, 29, 45, 55)</p><p><i>Zethus productus</i> Fox, 1899: 418.</p><p>Lectotype, ♂, Brazil, Mato Grosso, Chapada da Santa Anna, without date and collector (CMNH), designated by Bohart & Stange 1962: 31 [photographs examined]; Bohart & Stange 1965: 85; Cooper 2016: 209; Lopes <i>et al</i>. 2021: 261.</p><p><i>Discoelius brunconiger</i> Ihering, 1911: 469. Holotype, ♀, Brazil, Goiás, without date and collector (MZSP) [examined]; synonymy by Bohart & Stange (1965).</p><p><b>Diagnosis.</b> Medium sized wasp, wing length 11–13 mm; color pattern with a mixture of black and extensive reddish areas; lamella of T2 flat, not curled or bent upwards (Figs 13, 29); T1 and T2 without typical scale-like setae; lateral margin of metanotum lamellate and forming behind a low round process, more like a tubercle than a spine (Fig. 55); subhumeral area wider than in most species of this group, critical subhumeral distance about two midocellus diameters; pronotum above closely reticulate-punctate; lateral face of propodeum with moderate to weak striae, propodeal submedian carina absent or poorly developed, apical lamella narrow not angled out; T1 with punctures mostly contiguous beyond spiracle; male with clypeal apex just truncate, not bidentate at sides, mandible reasonably similar to that of female; antennal apex rolled, last flagellomere roundly truncate.</p><p><b>Redescription</b>. FEMALE. Wing length 11–13 mm; mandible apical margin with a small inflected sector between the first and second teeth; clypeus wider thant high (Cl_H/ W 0.68), apex truncate with straight profile, in apical view with a very distinctive transversal sulcus; interantennal area with a median vertical carinate ridge crossed at middle by a transverse blunt protuberance; occipital carina well developed, more prominent dorsolaterally, ventrally the branch of the carina that diverges medially forms a definte sharp edge that traverses the posterior region of head just behind the buccal cavity; lateral aspect of humeral region produced into a narrowly rounded edge; in lateral view subhumeral critical distance larger than in most species of this group, measuring about 2.0 mod; pronotal carina with lamella relatively narrow and less inclined forward; mesoscutum as long as wide, without notaulices or welts; tegula with posterior margin oblique, not produced outwards, forming a posterior triangular lobe which points to the center of the metanotum; scutellum relatively plane with sides gently rounded, uncompressed; anterior margin of metanotum with a distinct median spine-like keel; lateral margin of metanotum lamellate, forming behind a low round process more like a tubercle than a spine; submedian carina of propodeum absent or poorly developed; lateral carina of propodeum with lamella low throughout; apical lamella undeveloped; T1 well elongate, middle of expanded part much wider than the base, with sides moderately converging apically (proportional “size”: T1/Mpl about 1.28; width: T1md_W/T1 0.48; convexity: T1md_ H/T1 0.40; divergence base-apex: Wap/St 2.66; apical convergence: Wmd/ap 1.20); post-stem dorsoanterior region of T1 with a median longitudinal carina; distal lamella of T2 flat, not bent upwards; lamella of T3 not narrowed medially; apex of T6 slightly flattened.</p><p><i>Sculpture.</i> Clypeus with regularly spaced shallow medium-sized macropunctures, and numerous well evident micropunctures; frons with longitudinal lamelliform striae, with interspersed series of punctures (bordered by minute transverse trabeculae along the course of striae, so creating a striatopunctate pattern), vertex mostly punctate; pronotum sculpture above with a reticulate framework containing impressed punctures (reticulate-punctate), subhumeral area striate; mesoscutum striatopunctate; scutellum punctate; mesopleuron reticulate-punctate; tegula micropunctate with some larger punctures; metapleuron behind punctate; lateral surface of propodeum weakly striate; T1 both with macro and micropunctures; distal lamella of T2 micropuntate.</p><p><i>Vestiture.</i> Clypeus with short and decumbent silvery micropubescence; head and mesoscutum with erect hairs; mesopleuron with decumbent hairs; propodeum with numerous long and fine hairs; T1 and T2 with strong flattened bristles, but without scale-like setae.</p><p><i>Color.</i> Black; with extensive reddish areas as follows: most of clypeus and mandible, antenna (darker apically), pronotum except ventral corner, diffuse trilobite mark on mesoscutum, large dorsal area on mesopleuron, scutellum, metanotum, large dorsal area on propodeum, legs except parts of coxae and trochanters, diffuse anterior dorsal and distal marks on T1, diffuse basal areas on T2 and S2, narrow areas along margins of these segments, more distal segments lighter reddish (or orange); yellow or reddish yellow are the following: basal antennal segments beneath, longitudinal fascia on mandible, small paired interantennal dots, small dots on pronotal humeral angles, narrow distal band on T1; wings strongly infumated, with dark brown veins, membrane darker near costal margin, especially in the case of anterior pair.</p><p>MALE. Besides the usual sexually dimorphic characters, the male has the apex of the clypeus truncated and slightly bidentate; the last antennal segment is roundly truncate. It is also very similar to female in color, possessing the integument reddish with yellow spots as follows: transverse apical band on clypeus, spot on base of mandible, paired dots on interantennal area, scape beneath, spot on mesopleuron, distal narrow band on T1. Genitalia (as figured by Bohart & Stange 1965: 200, figs 280–282) with volsella a little less hairy than in <i>Z. corcovadensis</i>, digitus also less recurved; aedeagus mostly as a quite broad structure, presenting mediodorsally a short but distinct vertical triangular crest, aedeagus with the distal intromittent element so widened to the point of being hardly distinguishable from the basal body, which is nonetheless prolongued anteriorly into a median slender roundly pointed lobe, basal apodemes strongly recurved inwards, free proximal extremities distinctly converging according to an angle of ca. 70 degrees, middle section of aedeagus with conspicuous lateral process with roughly triangular shape and acuminate apex.</p><p><b>Distribution.</b> Brazil: Maranhão, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Goiás, São Paulo; Paraguay: Central, La Cordillera, Concepción, Guaira (Fig. 90B).</p><p><b>Examined material.</b> BRAZIL: Maranhão, 1♀ Barreirinhas, Atoleiro, 02.7010°S 42.7935°W, 18.iii.2023, Muniz (UFMA); 1 ♀ Mirador, Parque Estadual do Mirador, 06.35°S 45.49°W, 3.xii.2009, Mendonça, M.W.A; Brasília, Água Limpa, 1 ♀ 3.ii, 1 ♀ 22.ii.1979; 1 ♀ Lago Sul, 25.ii.1977 (A. Raw); Goiás, 1 ♂ vi.1964; Mato Grosso, S. Roncador, Basecamp (Royal Geographic Society Expedition), 1 ♀ 10.ii, 1 ♀ 31.v, 1 ♀ 16.vii, 1 ♀ 19.vii.1968; Barra do Garças, 1 ♀ 18.i.1977 (NHM); Minas Gerais, 1 ♀ Serra do Salitre (RPPN Cachoeira do Campo), 23–26.x.2000, A. F. Kumagai, R. B. Lopes, A. R. Lima (UFMG); São Paulo, 1♀ 2 ♂ Teodoro Sampai, PE Morro do Diabo, 22– 25.xi.2024, E.F. Santos col. (DZSJRP-Hymenoptera). PARAGUAY: Villa Rica, 1 ♀ 14.ii.1923 (NHM).</p><p><b>Remarks.</b> We examined photographs of the Fox’s male specimen designated as lectotype by Bohart & Stange (1965) and also saw the type of <i>Discoelius brunconiger</i> Ihering, 1911, an unquestionable synonym. The species is quite distinctive in the group in respect to morphology and color and, together with <i>Z. corcovadensis</i>, it has a southern pattern of distribution which is also distinct of those of most other species. Cooper (2016) reported observing “ <i>Zethus productus</i> Fox, <i>another species in the pallidus-group, nesting in posts of a fence at Villa Rica in Paraguay</i> ”.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
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| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
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| spellingShingle | Zethus productus Fox 1899 Oliveira, Suelen Cristina Da Silva Cruz De Gomes, Rayane Sales Lopes, Rogerio Botion Silveira, Orlando Tobias Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hymenoptera Eumenidae Zethus Zethus productus <p><b><i>Zethus productus</i> Fox, 1899</b></p><p>(Figs 13, 29, 45, 55)</p><p><i>Zethus productus</i> Fox, 1899: 418.</p><p>Lectotype, ♂, Brazil, Mato Grosso, Chapada da Santa Anna, without date and collector (CMNH), designated by Bohart & Stange 1962: 31 [photographs examined]; Bohart & Stange 1965: 85; Cooper 2016: 209; Lopes <i>et al</i>. 2021: 261.</p><p><i>Discoelius brunconiger</i> Ihering, 1911: 469. Holotype, ♀, Brazil, Goiás, without date and collector (MZSP) [examined]; synonymy by Bohart & Stange (1965).</p><p><b>Diagnosis.</b> Medium sized wasp, wing length 11–13 mm; color pattern with a mixture of black and extensive reddish areas; lamella of T2 flat, not curled or bent upwards (Figs 13, 29); T1 and T2 without typical scale-like setae; lateral margin of metanotum lamellate and forming behind a low round process, more like a tubercle than a spine (Fig. 55); subhumeral area wider than in most species of this group, critical subhumeral distance about two midocellus diameters; pronotum above closely reticulate-punctate; lateral face of propodeum with moderate to weak striae, propodeal submedian carina absent or poorly developed, apical lamella narrow not angled out; T1 with punctures mostly contiguous beyond spiracle; male with clypeal apex just truncate, not bidentate at sides, mandible reasonably similar to that of female; antennal apex rolled, last flagellomere roundly truncate.</p><p><b>Redescription</b>. FEMALE. Wing length 11–13 mm; mandible apical margin with a small inflected sector between the first and second teeth; clypeus wider thant high (Cl_H/ W 0.68), apex truncate with straight profile, in apical view with a very distinctive transversal sulcus; interantennal area with a median vertical carinate ridge crossed at middle by a transverse blunt protuberance; occipital carina well developed, more prominent dorsolaterally, ventrally the branch of the carina that diverges medially forms a definte sharp edge that traverses the posterior region of head just behind the buccal cavity; lateral aspect of humeral region produced into a narrowly rounded edge; in lateral view subhumeral critical distance larger than in most species of this group, measuring about 2.0 mod; pronotal carina with lamella relatively narrow and less inclined forward; mesoscutum as long as wide, without notaulices or welts; tegula with posterior margin oblique, not produced outwards, forming a posterior triangular lobe which points to the center of the metanotum; scutellum relatively plane with sides gently rounded, uncompressed; anterior margin of metanotum with a distinct median spine-like keel; lateral margin of metanotum lamellate, forming behind a low round process more like a tubercle than a spine; submedian carina of propodeum absent or poorly developed; lateral carina of propodeum with lamella low throughout; apical lamella undeveloped; T1 well elongate, middle of expanded part much wider than the base, with sides moderately converging apically (proportional “size”: T1/Mpl about 1.28; width: T1md_W/T1 0.48; convexity: T1md_ H/T1 0.40; divergence base-apex: Wap/St 2.66; apical convergence: Wmd/ap 1.20); post-stem dorsoanterior region of T1 with a median longitudinal carina; distal lamella of T2 flat, not bent upwards; lamella of T3 not narrowed medially; apex of T6 slightly flattened.</p><p><i>Sculpture.</i> Clypeus with regularly spaced shallow medium-sized macropunctures, and numerous well evident micropunctures; frons with longitudinal lamelliform striae, with interspersed series of punctures (bordered by minute transverse trabeculae along the course of striae, so creating a striatopunctate pattern), vertex mostly punctate; pronotum sculpture above with a reticulate framework containing impressed punctures (reticulate-punctate), subhumeral area striate; mesoscutum striatopunctate; scutellum punctate; mesopleuron reticulate-punctate; tegula micropunctate with some larger punctures; metapleuron behind punctate; lateral surface of propodeum weakly striate; T1 both with macro and micropunctures; distal lamella of T2 micropuntate.</p><p><i>Vestiture.</i> Clypeus with short and decumbent silvery micropubescence; head and mesoscutum with erect hairs; mesopleuron with decumbent hairs; propodeum with numerous long and fine hairs; T1 and T2 with strong flattened bristles, but without scale-like setae.</p><p><i>Color.</i> Black; with extensive reddish areas as follows: most of clypeus and mandible, antenna (darker apically), pronotum except ventral corner, diffuse trilobite mark on mesoscutum, large dorsal area on mesopleuron, scutellum, metanotum, large dorsal area on propodeum, legs except parts of coxae and trochanters, diffuse anterior dorsal and distal marks on T1, diffuse basal areas on T2 and S2, narrow areas along margins of these segments, more distal segments lighter reddish (or orange); yellow or reddish yellow are the following: basal antennal segments beneath, longitudinal fascia on mandible, small paired interantennal dots, small dots on pronotal humeral angles, narrow distal band on T1; wings strongly infumated, with dark brown veins, membrane darker near costal margin, especially in the case of anterior pair.</p><p>MALE. Besides the usual sexually dimorphic characters, the male has the apex of the clypeus truncated and slightly bidentate; the last antennal segment is roundly truncate. It is also very similar to female in color, possessing the integument reddish with yellow spots as follows: transverse apical band on clypeus, spot on base of mandible, paired dots on interantennal area, scape beneath, spot on mesopleuron, distal narrow band on T1. Genitalia (as figured by Bohart & Stange 1965: 200, figs 280–282) with volsella a little less hairy than in <i>Z. corcovadensis</i>, digitus also less recurved; aedeagus mostly as a quite broad structure, presenting mediodorsally a short but distinct vertical triangular crest, aedeagus with the distal intromittent element so widened to the point of being hardly distinguishable from the basal body, which is nonetheless prolongued anteriorly into a median slender roundly pointed lobe, basal apodemes strongly recurved inwards, free proximal extremities distinctly converging according to an angle of ca. 70 degrees, middle section of aedeagus with conspicuous lateral process with roughly triangular shape and acuminate apex.</p><p><b>Distribution.</b> Brazil: Maranhão, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Goiás, São Paulo; Paraguay: Central, La Cordillera, Concepción, Guaira (Fig. 90B).</p><p><b>Examined material.</b> BRAZIL: Maranhão, 1♀ Barreirinhas, Atoleiro, 02.7010°S 42.7935°W, 18.iii.2023, Muniz (UFMA); 1 ♀ Mirador, Parque Estadual do Mirador, 06.35°S 45.49°W, 3.xii.2009, Mendonça, M.W.A; Brasília, Água Limpa, 1 ♀ 3.ii, 1 ♀ 22.ii.1979; 1 ♀ Lago Sul, 25.ii.1977 (A. Raw); Goiás, 1 ♂ vi.1964; Mato Grosso, S. Roncador, Basecamp (Royal Geographic Society Expedition), 1 ♀ 10.ii, 1 ♀ 31.v, 1 ♀ 16.vii, 1 ♀ 19.vii.1968; Barra do Garças, 1 ♀ 18.i.1977 (NHM); Minas Gerais, 1 ♀ Serra do Salitre (RPPN Cachoeira do Campo), 23–26.x.2000, A. F. Kumagai, R. B. Lopes, A. R. Lima (UFMG); São Paulo, 1♀ 2 ♂ Teodoro Sampai, PE Morro do Diabo, 22– 25.xi.2024, E.F. Santos col. (DZSJRP-Hymenoptera). PARAGUAY: Villa Rica, 1 ♀ 14.ii.1923 (NHM).</p><p><b>Remarks.</b> We examined photographs of the Fox’s male specimen designated as lectotype by Bohart & Stange (1965) and also saw the type of <i>Discoelius brunconiger</i> Ihering, 1911, an unquestionable synonym. The species is quite distinctive in the group in respect to morphology and color and, together with <i>Z. corcovadensis</i>, it has a southern pattern of distribution which is also distinct of those of most other species. Cooper (2016) reported observing “ <i>Zethus productus</i> Fox, <i>another species in the pallidus-group, nesting in posts of a fence at Villa Rica in Paraguay</i> ”.</p> |
| title | Zethus productus Fox 1899 |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hymenoptera Eumenidae Zethus Zethus productus |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19137829 |