Praeapodroma Heimlich 1958
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2026
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| author | Ramos-González, Mario I. Zamora-Manzur, Carlos Garrido, Carolina Rose Parra, Luis E. |
| author_facet | Ramos-González, Mario I. Zamora-Manzur, Carlos Garrido, Carolina Rose Parra, Luis E. |
| contents | <p><b>Genus <i>Praeapodroma</i> Heimlich, 1958</b></p><p><b>Type species.</b> <i>Praeapodroma obscura</i> Heimlich, 1958</p><p><b>Diagnosis.</b> Externally, <i>Praeapodroma</i> resembles <i>Antuluciella</i> <b>gen. nov.</b> and <i>Incantia</i> <b>gen. nov.</b> due to similar orange coloration and diurnal lifestyle of the moths. However, it can be differentiated from <i>Antuluciella</i> by the presence of bipectinate antennae in males, and from <i>Incantia</i> by the number of antennal segments, with 33 and 29 segments being present, respectively. It also resembles <i>Spargania</i> (e.g., <i>S. luctuata</i>) in its maculation pattern but differs by having bipectinate antennae. Regarding genitalia, <i>Praeapodroma</i> shares the presence of subapical spiny structures on the costa of the valva with <i>Spargania</i>, <i>Ennada</i> and <i>Antuluciella</i> but can be easily distinguished from these related genera by the absence of basal androconial brushes on the costa and by the bilobed juxta bearing two posterior digitiform extensions. It can be distinguished from other Ennadini genera by the following features of the genitalia: dilated saccus with subtriangular posterior margin, bilobed juxta with digitiform posterior extensions, and ensiform valvae.</p><p><b>Redescription.</b> Adults (Figs 2j–l). Antennae bipectinate in males and filiform in females. Thorax and abdomen dark brown to blackish. Forewings subtriangular, with rounded and slightly oblique termen; forewing maculation dark brown, with the medial band either conspicuous or diffuse, slightly sinuous. Wing venation (Fig. 3e). Two accessory cells; Sc free, R 1 free and arising from the second accessory cell; R 3 and R 4 stalked; R 2 and R 3+4 stalked; R 5 stalked with R 2+3+4 at the base, near the end of the second accessory cell, ending at the termen; M1 arising from the second accessory cell; M 2 equidistant between M 1 and M 3; M 3 slightly curved; CuA 1 arising 1/15 before the end of the cell; CuA 2 arising 1/3 before the end of the cell. Hindwings ash-gray (<i>P. obscura</i>) or reddish-orange (<i>P. macerata</i> and <i>P. scarata</i>), with dark bands. Sc+R 1 fused with the radial trunk for 3/4 of the discal cell; Rs and M 1 stalked; M 2 arising closer to M 3 than to M 1; CuA 1 arising 1/8 before the end of the cell; CuA 2 arising 1/3 before the end of the cell. Male genitalia (Fig. 10). Uncus hook-shaped (<i>P. macerata</i> and <i>P. scarata</i>) or rod-like (<i>P. obscura</i>); gnathos not developed; valvae ensiform, costa sclerotized with a subapical spine (<i>P. macerata</i>), apical spine (<i>P. obscura</i>), or a subapical denticulate process (<i>P. scarata</i>); juxta bilobed, with a pair of pointed digitiform extensions; saccus dilated, strongly sclerotized. Female genitalia (Fig. 10). Ductus bursae sclerotized; corpus bursae membranous, subpyriform; signum as a single spine (<i>P. obscura</i>) or as a posteriorly positioned sclerotized bar (<i>P. macerata</i> and <i>P. scarata</i>).</p><p><b>Distribution.</b> Distributed in native forested and mainly high-Andean areas of the Maule, Valdivian Forest, and Magellanic Forest (Subantarctic Subregion) biogeographic provinces of the Andean Region in Chile and Argentina.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_19165399 |
| institution | Zenodo |
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| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Praeapodroma Heimlich 1958 Ramos-González, Mario I. Zamora-Manzur, Carlos Garrido, Carolina Rose Parra, Luis E. Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Geometridae Praeapodroma <p><b>Genus <i>Praeapodroma</i> Heimlich, 1958</b></p><p><b>Type species.</b> <i>Praeapodroma obscura</i> Heimlich, 1958</p><p><b>Diagnosis.</b> Externally, <i>Praeapodroma</i> resembles <i>Antuluciella</i> <b>gen. nov.</b> and <i>Incantia</i> <b>gen. nov.</b> due to similar orange coloration and diurnal lifestyle of the moths. However, it can be differentiated from <i>Antuluciella</i> by the presence of bipectinate antennae in males, and from <i>Incantia</i> by the number of antennal segments, with 33 and 29 segments being present, respectively. It also resembles <i>Spargania</i> (e.g., <i>S. luctuata</i>) in its maculation pattern but differs by having bipectinate antennae. Regarding genitalia, <i>Praeapodroma</i> shares the presence of subapical spiny structures on the costa of the valva with <i>Spargania</i>, <i>Ennada</i> and <i>Antuluciella</i> but can be easily distinguished from these related genera by the absence of basal androconial brushes on the costa and by the bilobed juxta bearing two posterior digitiform extensions. It can be distinguished from other Ennadini genera by the following features of the genitalia: dilated saccus with subtriangular posterior margin, bilobed juxta with digitiform posterior extensions, and ensiform valvae.</p><p><b>Redescription.</b> Adults (Figs 2j–l). Antennae bipectinate in males and filiform in females. Thorax and abdomen dark brown to blackish. Forewings subtriangular, with rounded and slightly oblique termen; forewing maculation dark brown, with the medial band either conspicuous or diffuse, slightly sinuous. Wing venation (Fig. 3e). Two accessory cells; Sc free, R 1 free and arising from the second accessory cell; R 3 and R 4 stalked; R 2 and R 3+4 stalked; R 5 stalked with R 2+3+4 at the base, near the end of the second accessory cell, ending at the termen; M1 arising from the second accessory cell; M 2 equidistant between M 1 and M 3; M 3 slightly curved; CuA 1 arising 1/15 before the end of the cell; CuA 2 arising 1/3 before the end of the cell. Hindwings ash-gray (<i>P. obscura</i>) or reddish-orange (<i>P. macerata</i> and <i>P. scarata</i>), with dark bands. Sc+R 1 fused with the radial trunk for 3/4 of the discal cell; Rs and M 1 stalked; M 2 arising closer to M 3 than to M 1; CuA 1 arising 1/8 before the end of the cell; CuA 2 arising 1/3 before the end of the cell. Male genitalia (Fig. 10). Uncus hook-shaped (<i>P. macerata</i> and <i>P. scarata</i>) or rod-like (<i>P. obscura</i>); gnathos not developed; valvae ensiform, costa sclerotized with a subapical spine (<i>P. macerata</i>), apical spine (<i>P. obscura</i>), or a subapical denticulate process (<i>P. scarata</i>); juxta bilobed, with a pair of pointed digitiform extensions; saccus dilated, strongly sclerotized. Female genitalia (Fig. 10). Ductus bursae sclerotized; corpus bursae membranous, subpyriform; signum as a single spine (<i>P. obscura</i>) or as a posteriorly positioned sclerotized bar (<i>P. macerata</i> and <i>P. scarata</i>).</p><p><b>Distribution.</b> Distributed in native forested and mainly high-Andean areas of the Maule, Valdivian Forest, and Magellanic Forest (Subantarctic Subregion) biogeographic provinces of the Andean Region in Chile and Argentina.</p> |
| title | Praeapodroma Heimlich 1958 |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Geometridae Praeapodroma |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19165399 |