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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Liu, Lan-Yu
Format:	Recurso digital
Language:
Published:	Zenodo 2026
Subjects:	Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Bostrichidae Sinoxylon Sinoxylon oleare
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19172582
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Sinoxylon oleare Lesne 1932 (Figs. 13E&F)Sinoxylon oleare Lesne 1932b: 655.Type material examined: Sinoxylon oleare ST (MNHN, NFIC).Diagnosis. Bostrichine type of antennal club. Elytral declivital rim form by thickened and irregular carina on upper 2/3 and moderately projecting ridge on lower 1/3; declivital suture slightly raised and attenuated toward upper and apex, juxtasutural spines inserted in the middle of declivity and on the suture, divergent, straight pointed.BODY elongate, parallel-sided, length 3.5–4.8 mm, about 2.3–2.5 times as long as wide. Reddish brown, head black.HEAD Antennal club covered by appressed short and extremely fine setae, the 1 st club antennomere and 2 nd club antennomere triangular, less than 1.5 times wider than long, the 1 st antennomere as long as the 6 preceding antennomeres together; last club antennomere longer than wide. Eyes small, raised at the posterior margin. Frons slightly granulate, unarmed, with erect setae inclined upwardly and centrally, Fronto-clypeal suture almost obsolete. Anterior margin of clypeus wider arch form (fig.10), almost straight.PRONOTUM slightly wider than long, lateral margins slightly convex posteriorly, with an uncinate tooth on anterior angles, posterior angles evenly rounded; middle of posterior area granulate; vestiture of long setae, semi-erected on anterior and appressed lateral and posterior areas, shorter and less dens on summit.SCUTELLUM very small, quadrangular.ELYTRA not form a lamina at basal margin, without visible longitudinal nerves, with a dense, fairly fine punctation, mixed with very fine punctures, near the margin of declivity become very large; appearing leathery, and with yellowish or golden, fine appressed pubescence, denser toward posteriorly. Apical declivity abrupt, declivital rim form by thickened and irregular carina on upper 2/3 and moderately projecting ridge on lower 1/3. Punctation on declivity large, circular or subcircular, well-separated, on the lower 1/3 of the declivity, the punctation become finer, vestiture an appressed pubescence, shorter than rest areas of elytra. Declivital suture slightly raised and attenuated toward upper and apex. Juxtasutural spines inserted in the middle of declivity and on the suture, divergent, straight pointed. Sutural angle simple. Post-epipleuron unclear, very narrow weakly sulcate posteriorly, carinula delimiting the epipleura extending only to the point where the elytra turn towards the apex.LEG Posterior tibiae without erect hairs on the external side. Last tarsus of the posterior tarsi shorter than the preceding segments together.Female: The sensillae area of 1 st and 2 nd club antennomeres more distinct. Vestiture of pronotum and elytra denser and longer. Marginal carina of elytral declivity less prominent than in male, sometimes replaced by irregular ridges as if eroded. Sutural angel of elytral declivity with an upward, pointed spine, posterior margin of last abdominal segment with two small emarginations separated from each other by a triangular, pointed tooth.Geographical distribution: India (Dehra Dun), Thailand and China (Yunnan). New records: India, U.P., Siwalik Hills, 11-iv-1981, S.L. Wood (1&male;, MIC); Thailand, Chanthaburi, 6–13.xi.2008 (1&female;, LLY); Dr. L. Z. Meng collected two females from Xishaungbana, Yunnan, China (personal comm.).Biology: Beeson bred this species from the wood of Dalbergia sissoo (Fabaceae) in June, and from Mallotus philippinensis (Euphorbiaceae) in July (Lesne 1932b). Beeson & Bhatia (1937) included Biancaea decapetala (Fabaceae), Bauhinia purpurea (Fabaceae), Dalbergia sissoo (Fabaceae), Mallotus philippinensis (Euphorbiaceae), Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae), Millettia extensa (Fabaceae), Pterocarpus marsupium (Fabaceae), Senegalia gageana (Fabaceae), Terminalia chebula (Combretaceae) and some climbers as host plants and thought this species is primarily a borer of small branch wood and climbers. The emergence period extends from June to September with greatest abundance in July.Remarks: Lesne (1932b) pointed out this species should be placed close to S. circuitum, but did not mention the sexual dimorphism of the elytral declivity. However, female specimens collected from Thailand and China show more stable characters of female, the pair of upward spines on the apex of declivity, vestiture of pronotum and declivity are denser and longer. The pair of upward spines on the apex of declivity is similar to the spines of Calopertha truncatula (Ancey, 1881), a member of the tribe Sinoxylini. The declivital rim is also similar to the elytral declivity of Calopertha truncatula and distinguishes the species from other Sinoxylon spp.

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