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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Bang, Hyun Woo, Back, Jinwook
Format:	Recurso digital
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Published:	Zenodo 2026
Subjects:	Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Arthropoda Copepoda Canuelloida Canuellidae Scottolana Scottolana picrca
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19193107
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Scottolana picrca sp. nov.Figs 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32Type locality.Subtidal zone near Riptide beach, Malkal, Koror, Republic of Palau (7°19'48"N, 134°27'20"E).Type material.Holotype • 1 &female; (MABIK CR 00259509) dissected on twelve slides. Paratypes • 1 &male; (MABIK CR 00259512) dissected on eight slides, • 1 &female; (MABIK CR 00259508) dissected on fourteen slides. • 2 &female;&female; (MABIK CR 00259510, MABIK CR 00259511) preserved in 99 % alcohol.GenBank accession numbers.Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (PP 297489 – PP 297491); 18 S ribonucleic acid gene (PP 298075 – PP 298077).Description of female.Body (Fig. 22) length 908 µm, measured from anterior margin of rostrum to posterior margin of caudal rami. Largest width measured at posterior margin of cephalic shield: 224 µm. Body semi-cylindrical, entire surface densely covered with minute spinules as figured, comprising 5 - segmented prosome and 5 - segmented urosome. Cephalosome and free prosomites with long sensilla on surface. First free prosomite separated from cephalosome. Rostrum (Figs 22 A, 23 A) prominent, more than half length of cephalic shield; with two sensillae, with blunt apex.Urosome (Figs 22 A, 22 B, 24 A) consisting of P 5 - bearing somite, genital double-somite and two free urosomites, slightly narrower than prosome, with ventral surface covered with small spinules. Genital &filig;eld (Fig. 24 B) enlarged, extending to about mid-length of genital double-somite. Copulatory pores paired (arrowed in Fig. 24 B), opening on inner margin of scythe-like processes. Gonopores located near anterior edge of genital field, each closed off by P 6 operculum bearing one long bare seta. Proximal part of genital plate ornamented with paired denticulate patches.Anal somite (Fig. 24 A, C) with lateral process on each side, anal operculum well-developed, semicircular, with fine setules along distal margin. Caudal rami (Figs 22 C, 24 C, 24 D) measure ~ 2.5 times as long as wide. Each ramus bears seven setae: seta I spiniform and pinnate, located ventrally; seta II short, bare, and inserted on proximal third with bulbiform base; seta III bipinnate and positioned dorsally on distal third of ramus; seta IV well-developed, tripinnate (Fig. 22 C); seta V unipinnate, longest; seta VI short and bare; seta VII pinnate, bi-articulate at base, inserted near seta III as in male (not illustrated; damaged).Antennule (Fig. 25 A – C) 3 - segmented. First segment largest, with three incomplete transverse sutures around posterior margin; with 21 setae / spines and two aesthetascs. Middle segment short, with one naked and three pinnate setae. Distal segment with four long plumose and two pinnate setae apically, three plumose / pinnate and six naked setae on anterior margin, and one plumose seta posteriorly. Armature formula: 1 - [21 + 2 ae], 2 - [4], 3 - [16].Antenna (Fig. 23 B, C) comprising short coxo-basis, 2 - segmented enp, and 8 - segmented exp. Coxa and basis fused to form short coxo-basis, with long setules on anterior surface. Enp 2 - segmented; enp - 1 with one strong pinnate and one small smooth setae; enp - 2 with incomplete transverse ridge indicating original segmentation, with four lateral pinnate and seven distal setae (one of them small and bare). Exp 8 - segmented; segments 1–3 and 7 each with one plumose seta, and segments 4–6 each with one bipinnate seta; distal segment with three pinnate and one plumose setae.Paragnaths (Fig. 23 D) well-developed, trilobed, with complex pattern of long setules as figured.Mandible (Fig. 26 A, B). Gnathobase with two rows of strong teeth of different size, and with one pinnate seta on dorsal corner. Basis with two bipinnate setae. Exp 3 - segmented, all setae long and plumose; exp - 1 with two setae; exp - 2 and exp - 3 each with row of spinules at outer margin; exp - 3 with one proximal and two distal setae. Enp 2 - segmented; enp - 1 with three pinnate setae; enp - 2 with two plumose and six pinnate setae (Fig. 26 B).Maxillule (Fig. 26 C). Praecoxa partly fused to coxa. Praecoxal arthrite with eight spines and two setae on distal margin, and two juxtaposed setae on anterior surface. Coxal epipodite represented by two plumose setae; coxal endite cylindrical, with two pinnate, one plumose, and one smooth setae. Basis with seven pinnate setae, and one row of setules on posterior surface. Exp foliaceous, with six setae on inner margin, five long setae on distal margin, and one small seta on outer margin, all setae plumose. Enp 2 - segmented; enp - 1 with five pinnate setae laterally; enp - 2 with six pinnate setae.Maxilla (Fig. 27 A, B). Praecoxa with row of spinules on anterior surface; proximal endite with three pinnate and one smooth setae; distal endite with two pinnate setae. Coxa with two cylindrical endites, each with three pinnate setae. Allobasis drawn out into one strong unipinnate claw, with two strong spinulose spines, one bare seta, and one plumose seta (Fig. 27 B). Enp 3 - segmented; enp - 1 with one plumose and two spiniform setae; enp - 2 with one spinulose and two naked setae; enp - 3 with two bare setae.Maxilliped (Fig. 27 C, D) phyllopodial, 3 - segmented, comprising syncoxa, basis and unsegmented enp. Syncoxa with rows of small spinules on surface, one plumose seta proximally, five pinnate spines on inner margin, and one long plumose seta and one small bare seta near inner distal corner. Basis with four plumose setae. Enp with one naked, five pinnate, and four plumose setae (Fig. 27 D).Swimming legs 1–4 (Figs 28, 29) biramous, both rami 3 - segmented, with intercoxal sclerite, small unarmed praecoxae, rectangular coxae, and bases. Coxa with spinular rows on anterior surface.P 1 (Fig. 28 A, B). Coxa with rows of spinules on anterior surface, long setules at inner distal corner, and one pinnate inner seta. Basis with long setules along inner margin, one pinnate long outer seta, and one bipinnate inner spine. Exp (Fig. 28 B) slightly shorter than enp; exp - 1 with one outer bipinnate spine, and with spinules around outer margin; exp - 2 with one plumose inner seta and one outer pinnate spine; exp - 3 with four pinnate spines and three plumose setae. Enp- 1 with long setules along outer margin, and one long plumose inner seta; enp - 2 with one long inner plumose seta, and with strong spinules on outer distal corner; enp - 3 with three long plumose inner setae, one small distal spine, and two serrate outer spines, and with strong spinules on distal and outer margins.P 2 (Fig. 28 C – E). Coxa large, with one inner pinnate seta, and row of setules near base of that seta. Basis with one pinnate outer seta, and curved acute process at inner distal corner posteriorly (Fig. 28 D). Exp- 1 with one pinnate outer spine, row of spinules along outer margin, and setules on inner distal margin; exp - 2 with one plumose inner seta and one pinnate outer spine; exp - 3 with three plumose inner setae, two distal spines, and two serrate spines. Enp- 1 small, with one plumose inner seta, anterior surface produced into spinous process, reaching to distal margin of enp - 2; enp - 2 with one plumose inner seta, and two rows of strong spinules on anterior surface; enp - 3 with two plumose inner setae, two apical spines, and one serrate outer spine.P 3 (Fig. 29 A, B). Coxa with one pinnate inner seta, and rows of spinules on anterior surface. Basis with one pinnate outer seta, and setules near inner distal corner; posterior surface with curved processes (Fig. 29 B). Exp- 1 with one serrate outer spine, and spinules on outer margin; exp - 2 with one short plumose inner seta and one serrate outer spine; exp - 3 with one plumose inner seta, two apical spines, and two outer spines. Enp much longer than exp, enp - 1 and enp - 2 each with spinular patch near outer distal corner; enp - 1 with one bipinnate spine; enp - 2 with one long plumose seta; enp - 3 with two distal strong pinnate and two outer serrate spines.P 4 (Fig. 29 C, D). Coxa with spinular patch on anterior surface, and one small inner spine. Basis elongate, with one pinnate outer seta, and small spinous process on posterior surface (Fig. 29 D). Exp- 1 and exp - 2 with spinular patch near distal edge; exp - 1 with one pinnate outer spine; exp - 2 with one plumose inner seta, and one pinnate outer spine; exp - 3 with one long bipinnate inner seta, two pinnate apical setae, and pinnate outer spine. Enp much longer than exp; enp - 1 with one very long plumose inner seta; enp - 2 unarmed, spinular patch and pore on anterior surface; enp - 3 with two long spinulose setae apically, and two outer spines.Armature formula for swimming legs:P 5 (Fig. 25 D) vestigial, incorporated into somite, represented by four bipinnate setae, outermost seta separated from remaining setae, and second innermost longest.Description of male.Habitus (Fig. 30 A). Total body length 902 µm. Sexual dimorphism mainly in antennule, P 3, P 5, urosome and caudal ramus.Rostrum (Fig. 30 B) folded, slightly shorter than that of female.Antennule (Fig. 31 A) 3 - segmented. Segment 1 very large, with sutures around posterior margin, three rows of spinules, and 22 setae / spines (one tri-articulate, and four bi-articulate at base) and two aesthetascs. Segment 2 (Fig. 31 B) with an incomplete suture around posterior margin, with three pinnate and three plumose setae, and one modified ribbed element. Segment 3 (Fig. 31 C) small, with one small plumose, one geniculate, two bare, and one tri-articulated smooth setae.P 3 enp - 3 (Fig. 32 A) with large modi&filig;ed pore at distal half of segment (arrowed in Fig. 32 A).P 5 (Fig. 32 B) with armature as in female, but innermost seta smooth and outermost seta longest.Urosome (Fig. 30 C) 5 - segmented, consisting of P 5 - bearing somite, genital somite, and three free urosomites. Genital somite (Figs 30 C, 32 C) about as long as wide, without spinous extension; genital field with extremely long barbed element emerging near proximal margin of P 6; P 6 forming a large process bearing one bare subapical inner seta, and closing off each genital aperture. First free urosomite with spinulose ridge on ventral surface (Fig. 32 C).Spermatophore (Fig. 30 D) paired, with narrow and curved neck.Caudal rami (Fig. 30 E) as in female except for seta I smooth, and seta II not modified, long and pinnate.Etymology.The species name is derived from the abbreviation of the ‘ Palau International Coral Reef Center’, a research institute in the Republic of Palau.

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