Guitarra algoaensis Payne, Samaai & Gibbons 2026, sp. nov.
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| author | Payne, Robyn P. Samaai, Toufiek Janson, Liesl Kerwath, Sven E. Gibbons, Mark J. |
| author_facet | Payne, Robyn P. Samaai, Toufiek Janson, Liesl Kerwath, Sven E. Gibbons, Mark J. |
| contents | <p><b><i>Guitarra algoaensis</i> Payne, Samaai & Gibbons sp. nov.</b></p><p>(Figs. 15A–G & 16A–C, Table 12)</p><p><b>Material examined.</b> <b>Holotype.</b> SAMC-A098939 [TS 4749 (AI2-Spg517)]: ACEP <i>Imida</i> Frontiers Project (Cruise 2), Algoa Bay, Grid Ellen 159–108, Station 3920 (33.9948ºS, 25.8891ºE – 33.9930ºS, 25.8917ºE, Eastern Cape, South Africa), 22–24 m depth, amongst rock and coquina/shell hash, SST 17 ºC, coll. R. Payne & I. Malick on R/ V <i>Ellen Khuzwayo</i> (Voyage 159), benthic dredge, duration 5 min, 08 September 2016.</p><p><b>Paratypes.</b> SAMC-A099306 [TS 4293 (AI2-Spg61)], SAMC-A098529 [TS 4300 (AI2-Spg68)]: ACEP <i>Imida</i> Frontiers Project (Cruise 2), Amathole region, Grid Ellen 159–3, Station 3815 (32.6511ºS, 28.4609ºE – 32.6581ºS, 28.4653ºE, Eastern Cape, South Africa), 38–43 m depth, amongst rock, coquina/shell hash, pebbles and coarse sand with shell fragments, SST 20 ºC, coll. R. Payne & I. Malick on R/ V <i>Ellen Khuzwayo</i> (Voyage 159), benthic dredge, duration 10 min, 26 August 2016. SAMC-A098658 [TS 4439 (AI2-Spg207)]: ACEP <i>Imida</i> Frontiers Project (Cruise 2), Amathole region, Grid Ellen 159–44, Station 3856 (32.7035ºS, 28.4311ºE – 32.6998ºS, 28.4358ºE, Eastern Cape, South Africa), 45–53 m depth, amongst rock and rhodoliths, SST 19 ºC, coll. R. Payne & I. Malick on R/ V <i>Ellen Khuzwayo</i> (Voyage 159), benthic dredge, duration 10 min, 30 August 2016.</p><p><b>Additional material.</b> SAMC- A099283 (NIWA 110818 (0CDN6368-H)): Orient Pier, East London Harbour, NIWA Station Z 17504 (33.0278ºS, 27.9175ºE, Eastern Cape, South Africa), 5 m depth, on rock near cement wall, coll. P. L. Colin, CRRF, via SCUBA, 14 February 1999, field identification by L. J. Bell Colin, CRRF, Palau.</p><p><b>Type locality.</b> Amathole region, 33.9948ºS, 25.8891ºE – 33.9930ºS, 25.8917ºE, Eastern Cape, South Africa, 22–24 m depth.</p><p><b>Description.</b> Thickly encrusting to subglobular form (Fig. 15B). Length 3 cm, width 2 cm and thickness 9 mm. Thin dermal membrane present (<1 mm), surface appears smooth, velvety to touch. Single, irregular oscule (4 mm) on apex, likely contracted in observed specimen; <i>in situ</i> image of specimen NIWA 110818 depicts oscules on apex of short fistules, multi-chambered (Fig. 15A). Texture spongy and dense, very compressible, soft and friable. Colour <i>in situ</i>, and in preservative, light orange. For subtidal specimens, colour <i>in situ</i> jet black with bright orange-yellow interior, in preservative black with brown-yellow interior (see specimen NIWA 110818).</p><p><b>Skeleton.</b> Choanosomal skeleton comprises an irregular isotropic reticulation of thick multispicular megasclere tracts (~50–150 µm across), arranged around subdermal spaces, and surrounded by numerous confused interstitial megascleres (Fig. 15C). These tracts ascend obliquely to surface where they form well-defined brushes, which pierce somewhat indistinguishable dermal membrane, extending up to ~50 µm. Microscleres abundant, scattered throughout, with placochelae also somewhat lining certain deeper subdermal spaces.</p><p><b>Spiculation. Megascleres.</b> Tornostrongyles smooth, straight to flexuous, style-like with somewhat bulging rounded to lanceolate heads, acerate, occasionally with central swelling on shaft: 232– <i>264</i> –293 × 7– <i>9</i> –12 µm, n = 15 (Fig. 15D). <b>Microscleres.</b> Placochelae with very marked central constriction, hexagonal central pellucid area, and discontinuous fringed border, in two size classes: I) with circular plate end, 49– <i>53</i> –58 × 20– <i>24</i> –29 µm (alae) and/or 7– <i>9</i> –10 µm (shaft), n = 15 (Fig. 15E); II) with oval plate end, 28– <i>30</i> –32 × 8– <i>10</i> –10 µm (alae) and/or 2– <i>3</i> – 5 µm (shaft), n = 15 (Fig. 15F). Bipocilla-like acanthoisochelae with straight, long, thin shaft, cup-shaped fused alae, and regular clusters of straight slender spines covering exterior: 11– <i>13</i> –15 × 3– <i>4</i> –5 µm, n = 15 (Fig. 15G, Fig. 16A & B).</p><p><b>Distribution and ecology.</b> Currently only known from the Amathole region (Eastern Cape, South Africa). Occurs on or amongst various substrates, including boulders, pebbles, rhodoliths, rock, coquina/shell hash, and coarse sand with shell fragments. Depth range: 5– 53 m.</p><p><b>Etymology.</b> Named after Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape, South Africa.</p><p><b>Remarks.</b> The above material is assigned to <i>Guitarra</i> as diagnosed by its fistulose form, skeletal structure comprising tornostrongyles of a single size class, and presence of placochela and bipocilla-like acanthoisochela microscleres (Uriz & Carballo 2001; Hajdu & Lerner 2002). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the microscleres is essential to accurately identify species in this genus (e.g. Fig. 16; Carballo & Uriz 1998).</p><p>The genus <i>Guitarra</i> currently consists of 16 valid species (de Voogd <i>et al.</i> 2024). The first record of <i>Guitarra</i> described from South Africa was <i>Guitarra fimbriata var. indica</i> Dendy, 1916 by Lévi (1963) from Table Bay, Mossel Bay and Eastern Cape (Algoa Bay and Imbotje).</p><p>This species was described as a variety of <i>Guitarra fimbriata</i> Carter, 1874, which was thought to be cosmopolitan at the time (Burton 1929b). On reviewing several species of <i>Guitarra</i> with acanthoisochelae, via SEM of the microscleres, Carballo & Uriz (1998) found this variety to be conspecific with their new species, <i>G. flamenca</i> described from Namibia. Samaai & Gibbons (2005) recorded the species from Oudekraal, Cape Peninsula on the west coast of South Africa.</p><p>The new species shows some affinities with <i>Guitarra flamenca</i>, which was described from Namibia by Carballo & Uriz in 1998 (tornostrongyles: 252– <i>312</i> –380 × 6– <i>12</i> –18 µm; placochelae: I) 74–95 × 17–23 µm, II) 31–50 × 4–9 µm; bipocilla-like acanthoisochelae: 11–19 µm). However, there are notable differences between <i>G. flamenca</i> and the new species. The new species has smaller spicules (Table 12) and differs in the morphology of the bipocilla-like acanthoisochelae (Fig. 16).</p><p>Lévi (1963) collected four specimens, which he described as <i>Guitarra fimbriata</i> var. <i>indica</i> Dendy, 1916. Two of these specimens are collected from the Eastern Cape, the same region where <i>Guitarra algoaensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is described from. However, the specimen MNHN, L.B.I.M. no. CL440, identified as <i>Guitarra fimbriata</i> var. <i>indica</i> by Carballo & Uriz (1998), is only mentioned in relation to South Africa. The lack of specific location information creates uncertainty regarding which specimen from South Africa was used as a comparison to the Namibian <i>G. flamenca</i>. As a result, these specimens need to be further examined. It is likely that the specimens from the Eastern Cape region are the same species as the newly described <i>Guitarra algoaensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> detailed in this study.</p><p><i>Guitarra indica</i> Dendy, 1916, described from Western India, was not said to possess bipocilla-like acanthoisochelae by Dendy (1916), and differs from this species due to its erect, stalked form, the presence of strongyles, as well as larger (but thinner) isochelae (34–53 × 2–3 µm).</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_19197423 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Guitarra algoaensis Payne, Samaai & Gibbons 2026, sp. nov. Payne, Robyn P. Samaai, Toufiek Janson, Liesl Kerwath, Sven E. Gibbons, Mark J. Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Porifera Demospongiae Poecilosclerida Guitarridae Guitarra Guitarra algoaensis <p><b><i>Guitarra algoaensis</i> Payne, Samaai & Gibbons sp. nov.</b></p><p>(Figs. 15A–G & 16A–C, Table 12)</p><p><b>Material examined.</b> <b>Holotype.</b> SAMC-A098939 [TS 4749 (AI2-Spg517)]: ACEP <i>Imida</i> Frontiers Project (Cruise 2), Algoa Bay, Grid Ellen 159–108, Station 3920 (33.9948ºS, 25.8891ºE – 33.9930ºS, 25.8917ºE, Eastern Cape, South Africa), 22–24 m depth, amongst rock and coquina/shell hash, SST 17 ºC, coll. R. Payne & I. Malick on R/ V <i>Ellen Khuzwayo</i> (Voyage 159), benthic dredge, duration 5 min, 08 September 2016.</p><p><b>Paratypes.</b> SAMC-A099306 [TS 4293 (AI2-Spg61)], SAMC-A098529 [TS 4300 (AI2-Spg68)]: ACEP <i>Imida</i> Frontiers Project (Cruise 2), Amathole region, Grid Ellen 159–3, Station 3815 (32.6511ºS, 28.4609ºE – 32.6581ºS, 28.4653ºE, Eastern Cape, South Africa), 38–43 m depth, amongst rock, coquina/shell hash, pebbles and coarse sand with shell fragments, SST 20 ºC, coll. R. Payne & I. Malick on R/ V <i>Ellen Khuzwayo</i> (Voyage 159), benthic dredge, duration 10 min, 26 August 2016. SAMC-A098658 [TS 4439 (AI2-Spg207)]: ACEP <i>Imida</i> Frontiers Project (Cruise 2), Amathole region, Grid Ellen 159–44, Station 3856 (32.7035ºS, 28.4311ºE – 32.6998ºS, 28.4358ºE, Eastern Cape, South Africa), 45–53 m depth, amongst rock and rhodoliths, SST 19 ºC, coll. R. Payne & I. Malick on R/ V <i>Ellen Khuzwayo</i> (Voyage 159), benthic dredge, duration 10 min, 30 August 2016.</p><p><b>Additional material.</b> SAMC- A099283 (NIWA 110818 (0CDN6368-H)): Orient Pier, East London Harbour, NIWA Station Z 17504 (33.0278ºS, 27.9175ºE, Eastern Cape, South Africa), 5 m depth, on rock near cement wall, coll. P. L. Colin, CRRF, via SCUBA, 14 February 1999, field identification by L. J. Bell Colin, CRRF, Palau.</p><p><b>Type locality.</b> Amathole region, 33.9948ºS, 25.8891ºE – 33.9930ºS, 25.8917ºE, Eastern Cape, South Africa, 22–24 m depth.</p><p><b>Description.</b> Thickly encrusting to subglobular form (Fig. 15B). Length 3 cm, width 2 cm and thickness 9 mm. Thin dermal membrane present (<1 mm), surface appears smooth, velvety to touch. Single, irregular oscule (4 mm) on apex, likely contracted in observed specimen; <i>in situ</i> image of specimen NIWA 110818 depicts oscules on apex of short fistules, multi-chambered (Fig. 15A). Texture spongy and dense, very compressible, soft and friable. Colour <i>in situ</i>, and in preservative, light orange. For subtidal specimens, colour <i>in situ</i> jet black with bright orange-yellow interior, in preservative black with brown-yellow interior (see specimen NIWA 110818).</p><p><b>Skeleton.</b> Choanosomal skeleton comprises an irregular isotropic reticulation of thick multispicular megasclere tracts (~50–150 µm across), arranged around subdermal spaces, and surrounded by numerous confused interstitial megascleres (Fig. 15C). These tracts ascend obliquely to surface where they form well-defined brushes, which pierce somewhat indistinguishable dermal membrane, extending up to ~50 µm. Microscleres abundant, scattered throughout, with placochelae also somewhat lining certain deeper subdermal spaces.</p><p><b>Spiculation. Megascleres.</b> Tornostrongyles smooth, straight to flexuous, style-like with somewhat bulging rounded to lanceolate heads, acerate, occasionally with central swelling on shaft: 232– <i>264</i> –293 × 7– <i>9</i> –12 µm, n = 15 (Fig. 15D). <b>Microscleres.</b> Placochelae with very marked central constriction, hexagonal central pellucid area, and discontinuous fringed border, in two size classes: I) with circular plate end, 49– <i>53</i> –58 × 20– <i>24</i> –29 µm (alae) and/or 7– <i>9</i> –10 µm (shaft), n = 15 (Fig. 15E); II) with oval plate end, 28– <i>30</i> –32 × 8– <i>10</i> –10 µm (alae) and/or 2– <i>3</i> – 5 µm (shaft), n = 15 (Fig. 15F). Bipocilla-like acanthoisochelae with straight, long, thin shaft, cup-shaped fused alae, and regular clusters of straight slender spines covering exterior: 11– <i>13</i> –15 × 3– <i>4</i> –5 µm, n = 15 (Fig. 15G, Fig. 16A & B).</p><p><b>Distribution and ecology.</b> Currently only known from the Amathole region (Eastern Cape, South Africa). Occurs on or amongst various substrates, including boulders, pebbles, rhodoliths, rock, coquina/shell hash, and coarse sand with shell fragments. Depth range: 5– 53 m.</p><p><b>Etymology.</b> Named after Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape, South Africa.</p><p><b>Remarks.</b> The above material is assigned to <i>Guitarra</i> as diagnosed by its fistulose form, skeletal structure comprising tornostrongyles of a single size class, and presence of placochela and bipocilla-like acanthoisochela microscleres (Uriz & Carballo 2001; Hajdu & Lerner 2002). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the microscleres is essential to accurately identify species in this genus (e.g. Fig. 16; Carballo & Uriz 1998).</p><p>The genus <i>Guitarra</i> currently consists of 16 valid species (de Voogd <i>et al.</i> 2024). The first record of <i>Guitarra</i> described from South Africa was <i>Guitarra fimbriata var. indica</i> Dendy, 1916 by Lévi (1963) from Table Bay, Mossel Bay and Eastern Cape (Algoa Bay and Imbotje).</p><p>This species was described as a variety of <i>Guitarra fimbriata</i> Carter, 1874, which was thought to be cosmopolitan at the time (Burton 1929b). On reviewing several species of <i>Guitarra</i> with acanthoisochelae, via SEM of the microscleres, Carballo & Uriz (1998) found this variety to be conspecific with their new species, <i>G. flamenca</i> described from Namibia. Samaai & Gibbons (2005) recorded the species from Oudekraal, Cape Peninsula on the west coast of South Africa.</p><p>The new species shows some affinities with <i>Guitarra flamenca</i>, which was described from Namibia by Carballo & Uriz in 1998 (tornostrongyles: 252– <i>312</i> –380 × 6– <i>12</i> –18 µm; placochelae: I) 74–95 × 17–23 µm, II) 31–50 × 4–9 µm; bipocilla-like acanthoisochelae: 11–19 µm). However, there are notable differences between <i>G. flamenca</i> and the new species. The new species has smaller spicules (Table 12) and differs in the morphology of the bipocilla-like acanthoisochelae (Fig. 16).</p><p>Lévi (1963) collected four specimens, which he described as <i>Guitarra fimbriata</i> var. <i>indica</i> Dendy, 1916. Two of these specimens are collected from the Eastern Cape, the same region where <i>Guitarra algoaensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is described from. However, the specimen MNHN, L.B.I.M. no. CL440, identified as <i>Guitarra fimbriata</i> var. <i>indica</i> by Carballo & Uriz (1998), is only mentioned in relation to South Africa. The lack of specific location information creates uncertainty regarding which specimen from South Africa was used as a comparison to the Namibian <i>G. flamenca</i>. As a result, these specimens need to be further examined. It is likely that the specimens from the Eastern Cape region are the same species as the newly described <i>Guitarra algoaensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> detailed in this study.</p><p><i>Guitarra indica</i> Dendy, 1916, described from Western India, was not said to possess bipocilla-like acanthoisochelae by Dendy (1916), and differs from this species due to its erect, stalked form, the presence of strongyles, as well as larger (but thinner) isochelae (34–53 × 2–3 µm).</p> |
| title | Guitarra algoaensis Payne, Samaai & Gibbons 2026, sp. nov. |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Porifera Demospongiae Poecilosclerida Guitarridae Guitarra Guitarra algoaensis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19197423 |