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| Format: | Recurso digital |
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Zenodo
2026
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19209162 |
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Table of Contents:
- <p><span>This study presents a rigorously formulated, physically consistent, and infrastructure-oriented unified framework for cable-free electric energy transfer, integrating inductive coupling, resonant wireless power transfer, and ambient radio-frequency (RF) energy harvesting into a single analytical and engineering system. The formulation is grounded entirely in established electromagnetic field theory, circuit resonance principles, and energy conservation laws, ensuring full compliance with Maxwell’s equations, network theory, and thermodynamic constraints.</span></p> <p><span>The proposed model quantitatively characterizes power transfer through mutual inductance and resonance-enhanced coupling, explicitly incorporating system parameters such as frequency (10<sup>4</sup>–10<sup>7</sup> Hz), coupling coefficient (k=0.01–0.5), and quality factors (Q), which govern transfer efficiency, spatial range, and stability. Under optimized impedance matching and high-Q resonant conditions, near-field and mid-range wireless transfer efficiencies are shown to reach 60–90% at short to moderate distances, while remaining physically bounded by resistive, radiative, and misalignment losses.</span></p> <p><span>In parallel, the framework integrates ambient electromagnetic energy recycling using rectifying antennas (rectennas), with measured RF power densities ranging from 0.01–0.1 mW·m⁻² in typical urban environments and up to ~10 mW·m⁻² near high-intensity transmitters. Conversion efficiencies of 40–85% are incorporated into the model, demonstrating that RF harvesting, while not a primary energy source, provides a non-negligible supplementary energy pathway that improves overall system-level utilization.</span></p> <p><span>A novel distributed infrastructure architecture is introduced, consisting of resonant transmitting and receiving poles interconnected through localized rectification, storage, and low-voltage DC microgrids. This architecture enables modular deployment, reduced transmission losses associated with long-distance cabling, and adaptive scalability across urban, semi-urban, and remote environments.</span></p> <p><span>The unified master equation developed in this work consolidates inductive transfer, resonant enhancement, and RF energy harvesting into a single quantitative framework, while explicitly accounting for system efficiencies, impedance matching, environmental attenuation, and irreversibility losses. This provides a predictive and dimensionally consistent tool for system optimization, performance evaluation, and infrastructure design.</span></p> <p><span>The results demonstrate that wireless electric energy transfer, when implemented through a hybrid multi-mode approach, is not only physically feasible but also practically scalable within defined efficiency bounds. The framework establishes a robust foundation for next-generation wireless energy systems, enabling flexible deployment, hybrid energy sourcing, and improved accessibility, while remaining fully consistent with established physical laws and experimentally validated parameters.</span></p> <p>Please check the attachment for details</p>