Multi-Modal Deep Learning for Spacecraft Orbit Prediction: Incorporating Solar Wind Perturbations via Cross-Attention Fusion

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1. Verfasser: Rubin, Ted
Format: Recurso digital
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Zenodo 2026
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author Rubin, Ted
author_facet Rubin, Ted
contents <p>We present a multi-modal deep learning framework for spacecraft orbit prediction that fuses historical trajectory data with real-time solar wind measurements via cross-attention. Using three years (2023–2025) of NASA SSC position data for ISS, DSCOVR, and MMS-1 combined with OMNI solar wind parameters, we train and compare bidirectional LSTM, Transformer, and residual gated fusion architectures for 6-hour trajectory prediction. Our LSTM achieves 125 km MAE on ISS at the 6-hour horizon, while the multi-modal architecture improves to 135 km during geomagnetic storms — a 17% improvement that validates solar wind as a meaningful leading indicator for LEO drag perturbations. We introduce a two-phase training strategy and sigmoid gating mechanism that guarantees the multi-modal model cannot underperform its single-modality baseline. All data, code, and trained model checkpoints are publicly available.</p>
format Recurso digital
id zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_19434499
institution Zenodo
language eng
publishDate 2026
publisher Zenodo
record_format zenodo
spellingShingle Multi-Modal Deep Learning for Spacecraft Orbit Prediction: Incorporating Solar Wind Perturbations via Cross-Attention Fusion
Rubin, Ted
omputer and Information Sciences → Machine Learning
Computer and Information Sciences → Artificial Intelligence
Physical Sciences → Space Sciences
Physical Sciences → Astronomy and Astrophysics
<p>We present a multi-modal deep learning framework for spacecraft orbit prediction that fuses historical trajectory data with real-time solar wind measurements via cross-attention. Using three years (2023–2025) of NASA SSC position data for ISS, DSCOVR, and MMS-1 combined with OMNI solar wind parameters, we train and compare bidirectional LSTM, Transformer, and residual gated fusion architectures for 6-hour trajectory prediction. Our LSTM achieves 125 km MAE on ISS at the 6-hour horizon, while the multi-modal architecture improves to 135 km during geomagnetic storms — a 17% improvement that validates solar wind as a meaningful leading indicator for LEO drag perturbations. We introduce a two-phase training strategy and sigmoid gating mechanism that guarantees the multi-modal model cannot underperform its single-modality baseline. All data, code, and trained model checkpoints are publicly available.</p>
title Multi-Modal Deep Learning for Spacecraft Orbit Prediction: Incorporating Solar Wind Perturbations via Cross-Attention Fusion
topic omputer and Information Sciences → Machine Learning
Computer and Information Sciences → Artificial Intelligence
Physical Sciences → Space Sciences
Physical Sciences → Astronomy and Astrophysics
url https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19434499