| _version_ | 1866901769308602368 |
|---|---|
| author | G. M. Srimyvizhy*, K. B. Ilango, R. Bhavani, P. Nimmy, E. Priyadharsini, M. Sanchana, D. Sukumar |
| author_facet | G. M. Srimyvizhy*, K. B. Ilango, R. Bhavani, P. Nimmy, E. Priyadharsini, M. Sanchana, D. Sukumar |
| contents | <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Gas chromatography (GC) is a powerful and versatile analytical technique first developed by Martin and James in 1952, now widely employed across pharmaceutical, environmental, food science, forensic, and clinical fields. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles, instrumentation, and applications of gas chromatography. The separation mechanism relies on the differential distribution of volatile analytes between a mobile carrier gas phase and a stationary phase within a column, with retention time serving as a characteristic parameter for compound identification. Key components of GC systems—including injection modes (split, splitless, on-column, and PTV), column types (capillary and packed), stationary phase classifications, and carrier gas selection—are discussed in detail. A systematic account of conventional and advanced detectors is presented, covering ionization-based detectors (FID, ECD, TID, PID, BID), bulk physical property detectors (TCD), optical detectors (FPD, AED, GPCD), molecular spectroscopic detectors (GC-FTIR, GC-VUV), and hyphenated techniques such as GC-MS and GC-IMS, each evaluated for their sensitivity, selectivity, and application scope. Advanced methodologies including pyrolysis GC, thermal desorption GC, multidimensional GC, and headspace extraction techniques are also reviewed. The application of GC in food analysis—encompassing fatty acids, aroma compounds, pesticide residues, and contaminants—is highlighted. This review underscores the continued evolution of GC technology and its indispensable role in modern analytical chemistry</span><span>.</span></p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_19607395 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | A Comprehensive Review of Gas Chromatography: From Fundamental Concepts to Advanced Hyphenated Techniques G. M. Srimyvizhy*, K. B. Ilango, R. Bhavani, P. Nimmy, E. Priyadharsini, M. Sanchana, D. Sukumar Gas chromatography, volatile organic compounds, detectors, capillary column, GC-MS, multidimensional chromatography, food analysis <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Gas chromatography (GC) is a powerful and versatile analytical technique first developed by Martin and James in 1952, now widely employed across pharmaceutical, environmental, food science, forensic, and clinical fields. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles, instrumentation, and applications of gas chromatography. The separation mechanism relies on the differential distribution of volatile analytes between a mobile carrier gas phase and a stationary phase within a column, with retention time serving as a characteristic parameter for compound identification. Key components of GC systems—including injection modes (split, splitless, on-column, and PTV), column types (capillary and packed), stationary phase classifications, and carrier gas selection—are discussed in detail. A systematic account of conventional and advanced detectors is presented, covering ionization-based detectors (FID, ECD, TID, PID, BID), bulk physical property detectors (TCD), optical detectors (FPD, AED, GPCD), molecular spectroscopic detectors (GC-FTIR, GC-VUV), and hyphenated techniques such as GC-MS and GC-IMS, each evaluated for their sensitivity, selectivity, and application scope. Advanced methodologies including pyrolysis GC, thermal desorption GC, multidimensional GC, and headspace extraction techniques are also reviewed. The application of GC in food analysis—encompassing fatty acids, aroma compounds, pesticide residues, and contaminants—is highlighted. This review underscores the continued evolution of GC technology and its indispensable role in modern analytical chemistry</span><span>.</span></p> |
| title | A Comprehensive Review of Gas Chromatography: From Fundamental Concepts to Advanced Hyphenated Techniques |
| topic | Gas chromatography, volatile organic compounds, detectors, capillary column, GC-MS, multidimensional chromatography, food analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19607395 |