Salvato in:
| Autore principale: | |
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| Natura: | Recurso digital |
| Lingua: | italiano |
| Pubblicazione: |
Zenodo
2023
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| Accesso online: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19667020 |
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Sommario:
- <p>The article examines the fundamental principles of criminalistics as outlined in the Sydney Declaration, situating them within the broader crisis affecting forensic science. It begins by analyzing the issue of technical-scientific errors and their impact on judicial outcomes, particularly in the United States, where systemic weaknesses and lack of regulation have undermined the reliability of forensic evidence. Against this backdrop, the Sydney Declaration is presented as a response developed by international experts to redefine the essence of forensic science and address its critical shortcomings. The Declaration introduces a broader definition of forensic science as a case-oriented, research-based activity focused on the detection, analysis, and interpretation of traces in order to reconstruct past events of public interest. Central to this framework are a set of fundamental principles and corollaries that emphasize the scientific nature of investigations, the pivotal role of trace evidence, and the importance of context in interpreting findings. The trace is conceptualized as the core element of forensic inquiry, evolving from a simple sign into meaningful information through analysis and interpretation. The Declaration also highlights key methodological aspects, such as the need for temporal proximity in investigations, the non-reproducibility of certain forensic activities, and the use of abductive reasoning within a multidisciplinary approach. Furthermore, it stresses ethical requirements, including transparency, impartiality, and the obligation to consider alternative hypotheses, reinforcing the evidentiary value and reliability of forensic conclusions.</p> <p>Finally, the article considers the future of forensic science through a comparative perspective, emphasizing the role of European initiatives, particularly those promoted by ENFSI, in strengthening quality assurance, standardization, and scientific integrity. While the Sydney Declaration represents a significant step forward, its non-binding nature means that its effectiveness ultimately depends on its practical implementation by forensic practitioners.</p>