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| Format: | Recurso digital |
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Zenodo
2026
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20107865 |
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Table of Contents:
- <p>This study explores the possibility that ancient civilizations achieved highly sophisticated architectural and engineering accomplishments without relying on modern technological systems. Instead, the work proposes that empirical observation, intuitive reasoning, astronomical knowledge, geometric awareness, and nature-based cognitive systems formed the foundation of ancient engineering practices.</p> <p>The paper analyzes structures such as the Egyptian pyramids, Sacsayhuamán, and Stonehenge, focusing on their mathematical proportions, precision stonework, and celestial alignments. The framework suggests that these civilizations may have developed advanced knowledge-transfer systems based on repeated observation of natural cycles, practical experimentation, and intuitive spatial understanding rather than formalized industrial technology.</p> <p>The study introduces the concept of “intuitive engineering” as a form of knowledge-centered design in which architecture emerges through harmony with natural patterns, astronomical synchronization, geometric proportion, and long-term empirical refinement. By examining non-technological construction systems, the paper challenges the assumption that engineering sophistication necessarily depends on modern machinery, proposing instead that ancient societies may have developed alternative forms of scientific and architectural intelligence rooted in observation, cognition, and environmental integration.</p> <br><br> <p><strong>Originality and AI-use statement:</strong><br> This work is an original research output by Begüm Yıldırım. AI tools, if used, were limited to language refinement, grammar correction, formatting, translation assistance, and clarity improvement. The conceptual framework, research direction, interpretation, models, and conclusions belong to the author. External sources, datasets, or prior works are cited where applicable.</p>