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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: ANG, FOO SENG
Format: Recurso digital
Language:English
Published: Zenodo 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20130549
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  • <p>This paper dismantles the common confusion between biological variation and cross-species evolution, using the Species Fixed Law (SFL) to show that all observed diversity occurs strictly within the fixed genetic boundaries of a species.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>Examples such as dog breeds, bacterial antibiotic resistance, and finch beak variation are analyzed as expressions of existing genetic potential within the species, not as evidence of fundamental biological change. The paper clarifies that small variations within a species are categorically different from the transformation into an entirely new species, with no empirical evidence linking the two.</p> <p> </p> <p>The "library analogy" illustrates this principle: reading different chapters or having minor typos in a book does not create a new book. Unguided genetic changes only cause loss or rearrangement of existing information, never the creation of new biological structures required for cross-species evolution.</p> <p> </p>