Gravitational Entropy and Hawking Temperature from the Killing Norm: A Local Covariant Formulation

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1. Verfasser: Uzundemir, İlyas
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Veröffentlicht: Zenodo 2026
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author Uzundemir, İlyas
author_facet Uzundemir, İlyas
contents <p class="MsoNormal">The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy S_BH = k_B c³ A/(4Gℏ) [4,5] and Hawking temperature T_H = ℏc²/(4πk_B r_s) are foundational results of black hole thermodynamics. The standard surface gravity κ = √(−½ ∇_μξ_ν ∇µξν) is already a local Killing horizon property in GR; however, its standard form requires a normalization condition on the Killing vector that is fixed at asymptotic infinity. This Letter demonstrates that within the C̃(r) ≡ √(−g_μνξµξν) framework [1,2], surface gravity takes the transparent form κ = c²/2 × |d(C̃²)/dr|_{r=r_s}, a gradient of the Killing norm squared evaluated locally at the horizon, without requiring asymptotic normalization. The Hawking temperature T_H = ℏκ/(2πk_B) follows directly. The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is recast as S_BH = 4πk_B GM²/(ℏc) in terms of the Killing norm structure. A local gravitational entropy density s_C(r) = k_B r_s⁴/(4Gℏr⁴) is proposed as a natural companion to the energy density u_C(r) = GM²/(16πr⁴) from Letter 1 [1]; its surface integral reproduces S_BH in the brick-wall regularisation (detailed in Section IV). At C̃ = 0, vanishing Killing norm, diverging energy density u_C, and diverging entropy density s_C coincide — providing a unified scalar description of black hole thermodynamics that makes explicit what standard GR expresses through separate formalisms. This construction introduces no new dynamical degrees of freedom and is consistent with all standard GR thermodynamic results.</p>
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id zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_20240274
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publishDate 2026
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spellingShingle Gravitational Entropy and Hawking Temperature from the Killing Norm: A Local Covariant Formulation
Uzundemir, İlyas
Bekenstein-Hawking entropy
Hawking temperature
Killing norm
surface gravity
gravitational thermodynamics
information-carrying capacity
black hole
stationary spacetimes
<p class="MsoNormal">The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy S_BH = k_B c³ A/(4Gℏ) [4,5] and Hawking temperature T_H = ℏc²/(4πk_B r_s) are foundational results of black hole thermodynamics. The standard surface gravity κ = √(−½ ∇_μξ_ν ∇µξν) is already a local Killing horizon property in GR; however, its standard form requires a normalization condition on the Killing vector that is fixed at asymptotic infinity. This Letter demonstrates that within the C̃(r) ≡ √(−g_μνξµξν) framework [1,2], surface gravity takes the transparent form κ = c²/2 × |d(C̃²)/dr|_{r=r_s}, a gradient of the Killing norm squared evaluated locally at the horizon, without requiring asymptotic normalization. The Hawking temperature T_H = ℏκ/(2πk_B) follows directly. The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is recast as S_BH = 4πk_B GM²/(ℏc) in terms of the Killing norm structure. A local gravitational entropy density s_C(r) = k_B r_s⁴/(4Gℏr⁴) is proposed as a natural companion to the energy density u_C(r) = GM²/(16πr⁴) from Letter 1 [1]; its surface integral reproduces S_BH in the brick-wall regularisation (detailed in Section IV). At C̃ = 0, vanishing Killing norm, diverging energy density u_C, and diverging entropy density s_C coincide — providing a unified scalar description of black hole thermodynamics that makes explicit what standard GR expresses through separate formalisms. This construction introduces no new dynamical degrees of freedom and is consistent with all standard GR thermodynamic results.</p>
title Gravitational Entropy and Hawking Temperature from the Killing Norm: A Local Covariant Formulation
topic Bekenstein-Hawking entropy
Hawking temperature
Killing norm
surface gravity
gravitational thermodynamics
information-carrying capacity
black hole
stationary spacetimes
url https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20240274