| _version_ | 1866902289440047104 |
|---|---|
| author | Xu, Lingguang |
| author_facet | Xu, Lingguang |
| contents | <p>The Xu Ratio (Λ_Xu): Definition and Physical Meaning</p> <p>This paper defines a new dimensionless physical quantity, the Xu Ratio Λ_Xu, as the ratio of actual path length to projected length. It unifies:</p> <p>- The mathematical constant π (plane circle: Λ_Xu = π)<br>- The refractive index n (transparent medium: Λ_Xu = n)<br>- The photon's internal-to-external speed ratio (vacuum: Λ_Xu = π/2)<br>- The stretch ratio of a spring (helix formula)</p> <p>The unified helix formula Λ_Xu = √(1 + (πD/p)²) applies to all cases. The Xu Ratio is a state parameter of the KuiQuark Sea in XLG cosmology. This paper establishes its definition, key values, and physical interpretation. No experimental data are presented; this is a conceptual foundation for future work.</p> <p>Keywords: Xu Ratio, path ratio, Λ_Xu, KuiQuark Sea, XLG cosmology, photon internal helix, refractive index, π</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_20254995 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | The Xu Ratio (ΛXu ): Definition and Physical Meaning Xu, Lingguang <p>The Xu Ratio (Λ_Xu): Definition and Physical Meaning</p> <p>This paper defines a new dimensionless physical quantity, the Xu Ratio Λ_Xu, as the ratio of actual path length to projected length. It unifies:</p> <p>- The mathematical constant π (plane circle: Λ_Xu = π)<br>- The refractive index n (transparent medium: Λ_Xu = n)<br>- The photon's internal-to-external speed ratio (vacuum: Λ_Xu = π/2)<br>- The stretch ratio of a spring (helix formula)</p> <p>The unified helix formula Λ_Xu = √(1 + (πD/p)²) applies to all cases. The Xu Ratio is a state parameter of the KuiQuark Sea in XLG cosmology. This paper establishes its definition, key values, and physical interpretation. No experimental data are presented; this is a conceptual foundation for future work.</p> <p>Keywords: Xu Ratio, path ratio, Λ_Xu, KuiQuark Sea, XLG cosmology, photon internal helix, refractive index, π</p> |
| title | The Xu Ratio (ΛXu ): Definition and Physical Meaning |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20254995 |