Paper 36 — Part 1: Two-State Pattern of Hydrogen: Five Disciplines, Five Names
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| Lingua: | inglese |
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2026
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| author | Jakovac, Irena |
| author_facet | Jakovac, Irena |
| contents | <div class="relative group/copy bg-bg-000/50 border-0.5 border-border-400 rounded-lg focus:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-accent-100"> <div class="sticky opacity-0 group-hover/copy:opacity-100 group-focus-within/copy:opacity-100 top-2 py-2 h-12 w-0 float-right"> <div class="absolute right-0 h-8 px-2 items-center inline-flex z-10"> <div class="relative"> <div class="absolute inset-0 flex items-center justify-center">This paper is Part 1 of a two-part study of the two-state hydrogen pattern. Part 2 (Paper 37) extends the same pattern to nine scales of material organization; this paper presents it across five basic scientific disciplines that, each under its own name, document the same two-state pattern.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="overflow-x-auto"> <pre class="code-block__code !my-0 !rounded-lg !text-sm !leading-relaxed p-3.5"> </pre> <p>Five basic scientific disciplines — physics, chemistry, astrophysics, biology, and cosmology — independently document the same structural pattern: a hydrogen system around a center sustains itself through the equilibrium or coexistence of two states. Each discipline uses its own name for this pattern ("bound ground state", "two-state picture of water", "insulator-metal transition", "bound and free water" in the cell, "warm-hot intergalactic medium"), but the functional pattern is the same in every case.</p> <p>At the atomic scale, hydrogen exhibits a stable bound ground state arising from the Coulomb attractive potential and the quantum kinetic contribution of localization. At the molecular scale, supercooled water exhibits two coexistent liquid configurations (LDL, HDL) with an experimentally observed transition (Kim et al. 2020) and a critical point (You et al. 2026). At the astrophysical scale, Jupiter and Saturn contain molecular and metallic hydrogen in separated regions, while the Sun sustains a radiative and a convective zone within hydrogen-dominated plasma. At the biological scale, the cell contains intracellular water in two simultaneous regimes — bound water around macromolecules and free water in the cytoplasm — which together enable the function of the living cell (Persson and Halle 2008, Ball 2008, Watson et al. 2023). At the cosmological scale, intergalactic hydrogen exists in two coexistent phases: photoionized IGM and warm-hot WHIM.</p> <p>In every discipline the local mechanism differs, but the functional relation remains the same: the center establishes a gradient, the hydrogen system carries it in two regimes, and structure manifests as the result. One two-state pattern, five disciplines, five names. C₀ + γ → H → S.</p> <p>This paper is part of the Generative Dynamics series, Series II (Papers 32–37). The paper is published bilingually (English + Croatian) within a single Zenodo deposit.</p> <pre class="code-block__code !my-0 !rounded-lg !text-sm !leading-relaxed p-3.5"><code> </code></pre> </div> </div> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_20310140 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | eng |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Paper 36 — Part 1: Two-State Pattern of Hydrogen: Five Disciplines, Five Names Jakovac, Irena hydrogen two-state pattern generative dynamics center gradient intracellular water bound water free water supercooled water LLCP C₀ + γ → H → S structural organization physics bound ground state two-state hydrogen pattern hydrogen atom Coulomb potential quantum mechanics chemistry LDL HDL two-state picture of water astrophysics planetary hydrogen metallic hydrogen insulator-metal transition solar plasma Jupiter Saturn radiative zone convective zone helioseismology biology cell cellular nucleus hydration layer cosmology intergalactic medium IGM WHIM warm-hot intergalactic medium Lyman-alpha BLA missing baryons cosmic web <div class="relative group/copy bg-bg-000/50 border-0.5 border-border-400 rounded-lg focus:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-accent-100"> <div class="sticky opacity-0 group-hover/copy:opacity-100 group-focus-within/copy:opacity-100 top-2 py-2 h-12 w-0 float-right"> <div class="absolute right-0 h-8 px-2 items-center inline-flex z-10"> <div class="relative"> <div class="absolute inset-0 flex items-center justify-center">This paper is Part 1 of a two-part study of the two-state hydrogen pattern. Part 2 (Paper 37) extends the same pattern to nine scales of material organization; this paper presents it across five basic scientific disciplines that, each under its own name, document the same two-state pattern.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="overflow-x-auto"> <pre class="code-block__code !my-0 !rounded-lg !text-sm !leading-relaxed p-3.5"> </pre> <p>Five basic scientific disciplines — physics, chemistry, astrophysics, biology, and cosmology — independently document the same structural pattern: a hydrogen system around a center sustains itself through the equilibrium or coexistence of two states. Each discipline uses its own name for this pattern ("bound ground state", "two-state picture of water", "insulator-metal transition", "bound and free water" in the cell, "warm-hot intergalactic medium"), but the functional pattern is the same in every case.</p> <p>At the atomic scale, hydrogen exhibits a stable bound ground state arising from the Coulomb attractive potential and the quantum kinetic contribution of localization. At the molecular scale, supercooled water exhibits two coexistent liquid configurations (LDL, HDL) with an experimentally observed transition (Kim et al. 2020) and a critical point (You et al. 2026). At the astrophysical scale, Jupiter and Saturn contain molecular and metallic hydrogen in separated regions, while the Sun sustains a radiative and a convective zone within hydrogen-dominated plasma. At the biological scale, the cell contains intracellular water in two simultaneous regimes — bound water around macromolecules and free water in the cytoplasm — which together enable the function of the living cell (Persson and Halle 2008, Ball 2008, Watson et al. 2023). At the cosmological scale, intergalactic hydrogen exists in two coexistent phases: photoionized IGM and warm-hot WHIM.</p> <p>In every discipline the local mechanism differs, but the functional relation remains the same: the center establishes a gradient, the hydrogen system carries it in two regimes, and structure manifests as the result. One two-state pattern, five disciplines, five names. C₀ + γ → H → S.</p> <p>This paper is part of the Generative Dynamics series, Series II (Papers 32–37). The paper is published bilingually (English + Croatian) within a single Zenodo deposit.</p> <pre class="code-block__code !my-0 !rounded-lg !text-sm !leading-relaxed p-3.5"><code> </code></pre> </div> </div> |
| title | Paper 36 — Part 1: Two-State Pattern of Hydrogen: Five Disciplines, Five Names |
| topic | hydrogen two-state pattern generative dynamics center gradient intracellular water bound water free water supercooled water LLCP C₀ + γ → H → S structural organization physics bound ground state two-state hydrogen pattern hydrogen atom Coulomb potential quantum mechanics chemistry LDL HDL two-state picture of water astrophysics planetary hydrogen metallic hydrogen insulator-metal transition solar plasma Jupiter Saturn radiative zone convective zone helioseismology biology cell cellular nucleus hydration layer cosmology intergalactic medium IGM WHIM warm-hot intergalactic medium Lyman-alpha BLA missing baryons cosmic web |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20310140 |