Investigating India's Trade Diversification with BRICS Countries through Herfindahl- Hirschman Index (HHI) Analysis
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2026
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| author | Dr. Anand Shankar, Paswan Dr. Shaurya, Srivastava |
| author_facet | Dr. Anand Shankar, Paswan Dr. Shaurya, Srivastava |
| contents | <p>The BRICS nations have evolved as one of the world’s most prominent trade blocs, making significant contribution to the international trade, investment and economic cohesion. India, as a founding member of the BRICS nations has nurtured and expanded trade ties with the member of nations over the years. The present study, investigates at the evolving structure of India’s trade with the BRICS nations by assessing the level of concentration and competitiveness of major commodities groups by employing Trade Concentration Index (TCI), also known as Herfindahl- Hirschman Index (HHI). The paper examines export and imports concentration tendencies in twenty-one broad commodities groups from 2008 to 2025. Secondary data were obtained from International Trade Centre (ITC) and classified using the Harmonized System (HS) commodities category framework. Herfindahl- Hirschman Index (HHI) has been used to evaluate the degree of concentration and trade competitiveness of India’s exports and import with the BRICS nations. The finding reveals that India’s export to the BRICS nations are moderately concentrated in a selected commodities group particularly Live Animals and Animal Products, Pulp and Paper Board, and Wood and Articles Thereof, indicating comparatively lower competition and greater export potential in these sectors. However, the majority of export commodity groups demonstrate low concentration values, reflecting diversified trade patterns and a competitive export structure. Similarly, India’s imports from the BRICS nations show moderate concentration in selected sectors such as Live Animals and Animal Products, Prepared Foods and Tobacco, and Pulp and Paper products, whereas most import categories indicate low concentration and strong market competition. The study concludes that India’s trade composition with the BRICS nations remains largely competitive and diversified, with no evidence of monopolistic concentration. The findings further suggest that effective trade diversification strategies, product innovation, and policy coordination can enhance India’s trade competitiveness and strengthen sustainable economic integration within the BRICS framework.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_20377246 |
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| publishDate | 2026 |
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| spellingShingle | Investigating India's Trade Diversification with BRICS Countries through Herfindahl- Hirschman Index (HHI) Analysis Dr. Anand Shankar, Paswan Dr. Shaurya, Srivastava <p>The BRICS nations have evolved as one of the world’s most prominent trade blocs, making significant contribution to the international trade, investment and economic cohesion. India, as a founding member of the BRICS nations has nurtured and expanded trade ties with the member of nations over the years. The present study, investigates at the evolving structure of India’s trade with the BRICS nations by assessing the level of concentration and competitiveness of major commodities groups by employing Trade Concentration Index (TCI), also known as Herfindahl- Hirschman Index (HHI). The paper examines export and imports concentration tendencies in twenty-one broad commodities groups from 2008 to 2025. Secondary data were obtained from International Trade Centre (ITC) and classified using the Harmonized System (HS) commodities category framework. Herfindahl- Hirschman Index (HHI) has been used to evaluate the degree of concentration and trade competitiveness of India’s exports and import with the BRICS nations. The finding reveals that India’s export to the BRICS nations are moderately concentrated in a selected commodities group particularly Live Animals and Animal Products, Pulp and Paper Board, and Wood and Articles Thereof, indicating comparatively lower competition and greater export potential in these sectors. However, the majority of export commodity groups demonstrate low concentration values, reflecting diversified trade patterns and a competitive export structure. Similarly, India’s imports from the BRICS nations show moderate concentration in selected sectors such as Live Animals and Animal Products, Prepared Foods and Tobacco, and Pulp and Paper products, whereas most import categories indicate low concentration and strong market competition. The study concludes that India’s trade composition with the BRICS nations remains largely competitive and diversified, with no evidence of monopolistic concentration. The findings further suggest that effective trade diversification strategies, product innovation, and policy coordination can enhance India’s trade competitiveness and strengthen sustainable economic integration within the BRICS framework.</p> |
| title | Investigating India's Trade Diversification with BRICS Countries through Herfindahl- Hirschman Index (HHI) Analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20377246 |