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2026
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20378671 |
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| author | Garcia. Bea Trisha A. Calzado Pia A. Carorocan. Znie Babe A |
| author_facet | Garcia. Bea Trisha A. Calzado Pia A. Carorocan. Znie Babe A |
| contents | Philippines has a huge, untapped potential of Ocean Wave Energy Conversion (OWEC) systems because of its 36, 289 kilometers coastline, and remains constantly exposed to the Pacific and South China Seas. The archipelago has not yet commercialized the wave energy even though the country has an act of Renewable Energy of 2008 and also committed to the Paris agreement of reducing the emission of greenhouse gases by 57 percent by 2030. The four predominant typologies of the WECs—oscillating water columns (OWC), point absorbers, attenuators, and overtopping devices—are critically assessed, in the current review, concerning the efficiency, long-term structural reliability and durability in the Philippine tropical marine conditions such as extreme tropical typhoon loading and over ten meters high waves. A prototype system of a microcontroller-based system is put on the Arduino Mega 2560 and ESP32 on three adaptive operation modes, which are: Energy Transfer, Protective, and Power Regulation.The results show that sensor-based threshold control algorithms can continuously modify the power take-off damping parameters for effective real-time energy capture while automatically switching the system into a storm-protection mode. Among the evaluated technologies, oscillating water columns (OWC) and point absorber systems appear to be the most suitable options for near-shore applications in the Philippines. This study also introduces low-cost and reproducible hardware set up for embedded monitoring of OWEC systems. In addition, it offers a reference performance benchmark for future wave-energy studies in maritime regions that are both resource-limited and frequently affected by typhoons. The outcomes are particularly relevant for off-grid island communities that still rely heavily on diesel-powered microgrids for electricity. |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_20378671 |
| institution | Zenodo |
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| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Ocean Wave Energy Conversion (OWEC) Systems in the Philippines: A Comprehensive Review and Critique on Efficiency, Reliability, and Hardware-Based Energy Regulation for Sustainability Power Generation Garcia. Bea Trisha A. Calzado Pia A. Carorocan. Znie Babe A Wave Energy Conversion Energy Regulation Renewable Energy Embedded Systems Philippines has a huge, untapped potential of Ocean Wave Energy Conversion (OWEC) systems because of its 36, 289 kilometers coastline, and remains constantly exposed to the Pacific and South China Seas. The archipelago has not yet commercialized the wave energy even though the country has an act of Renewable Energy of 2008 and also committed to the Paris agreement of reducing the emission of greenhouse gases by 57 percent by 2030. The four predominant typologies of the WECs—oscillating water columns (OWC), point absorbers, attenuators, and overtopping devices—are critically assessed, in the current review, concerning the efficiency, long-term structural reliability and durability in the Philippine tropical marine conditions such as extreme tropical typhoon loading and over ten meters high waves. A prototype system of a microcontroller-based system is put on the Arduino Mega 2560 and ESP32 on three adaptive operation modes, which are: Energy Transfer, Protective, and Power Regulation.The results show that sensor-based threshold control algorithms can continuously modify the power take-off damping parameters for effective real-time energy capture while automatically switching the system into a storm-protection mode. Among the evaluated technologies, oscillating water columns (OWC) and point absorber systems appear to be the most suitable options for near-shore applications in the Philippines. This study also introduces low-cost and reproducible hardware set up for embedded monitoring of OWEC systems. In addition, it offers a reference performance benchmark for future wave-energy studies in maritime regions that are both resource-limited and frequently affected by typhoons. The outcomes are particularly relevant for off-grid island communities that still rely heavily on diesel-powered microgrids for electricity. |
| title | Ocean Wave Energy Conversion (OWEC) Systems in the Philippines: A Comprehensive Review and Critique on Efficiency, Reliability, and Hardware-Based Energy Regulation for Sustainability Power Generation |
| topic | Wave Energy Conversion Energy Regulation Renewable Energy Embedded Systems |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20378671 |