Velutininae Gray 1840
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2022
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| author | Fassio, Giulia Stefani, Matteo Russini, Valeria Buge, Barbara Bouchet, Philippe Treneman, Nancy Malaquias, Manuel António E. Schiaparelli, Stefano Modica, Maria Vittoria Oliverio, Marco |
| author_facet | Fassio, Giulia Stefani, Matteo Russini, Valeria Buge, Barbara Bouchet, Philippe Treneman, Nancy Malaquias, Manuel António E. Schiaparelli, Stefano Modica, Maria Vittoria Oliverio, Marco |
| contents | <p>VELUTININAE GRAY, 1840</p><p>(FIGS 2, 3, 4C–F, 6C, D, 9B, 10B, C, 11B, C, N, O)</p><p>Velutininae Gray, 1840: 90;</p><p>type genus <i>Velutina</i> J. Fleming, 1820.</p><p>Marseninidae Odhner, 1913: 9 [as Marsenininae];</p><p>type genus <i>Marsenina</i> Gray, 1850.</p><p>Sacculidae Thiele, 1929: 266;</p><p>type genus <i>Sacculus</i> Hirase, 1927 [permanently invalid, being the type genus a junior homonym of <i>Sacculus</i> Grosse, 1851 (Rotifera)].</p><p>Pseudosacculidae Kuroda, 1933: 186 [replacement name for Sacculidae Thiele];</p><p>type genus <i>Pseudosacculus</i> Hirase, 1928.</p><p>Capulacmaeidae Golikov & Gulbin, 1990: 108 [as Capulacmaeinae];</p><p>type genus <i>Capulacmaea</i> M. Sars, 1859.</p><p><i>Included genera:</i> <i>Cartilagovelutina</i> Golikov & Gulbin, 1990, <i>Ciliatovelutina</i> Golikov & Gulbin, 1990, <i>Cilifera</i> Golikov & Gulbin, 1990, <i>Limneria</i> H.Adams & A. Adams, 1851, <i>Marsenina</i> Gray, 1850, <i>Onchidiopsis</i> Bergh, 1853, <i>Piliscus</i> Lovén, 1859, <i>Pseudosacculus</i> Hirase, 1928, <i>Pseudotorellia</i> Warén, 1989, <i>Torellivelutina</i> J. H. McLean, 2000, <i>Velutina</i> J. Fleming, 1820.</p><p><i>Description:</i> Body of small to medium size for the family, 0.5–11.0 cm total length. Shell moderately thin to thick, weakly to strongly calcified; ear, shield or cap shaped, low to high spire, with expanded aperture; smooth or weakly sculptured by axial growth lines; exposed or completely enclosed by the mantle. Periostracum moderately or well developed, occasionally hairy.</p><p>Protoconch of 1.1–2.0 whorls; protoconch I of 0.50– 0.64 whorls, nucleus diameter 125–186 μm, smooth or with microgranules; protoconch–teleoconch boundary not always visible.</p><p>Mantle flat or dome shaped, outline rounded; thick or thin, with or without dorsal tubercles; with or without anterior and right lateral siphonal folds; texture smooth, wrinkled or jelly-like; colour highly variable, almost transparent to white, grey, beige, yellow, orange, brown, often patterned.</p><p>Penis to the right of the right cephalic tentacle, with tip of the seminal duct protruding from the penis tip. Vas deferens without a free loop in haemocoel.</p><p>Radula taenioglossate, formula 2:1:1:1:2, rachidian tooth squared, with broad base, rachidian cusp with or without one to six pronounced external denticles; lateral teeth squared or elongated, with a pointed triangular internal or external cusp, with or without one to six denticles on both sides; marginals narrow, with or without one small denticle on the internal side.</p><p>Jaws short to elongated, composed of scale-like elements, with denticles on the masticatory margin.</p><p><i>Distribution:</i> Arctic and temperate regions worldwide, 0–1200 m deep.</p><p><i>Remarks:</i> Velutinines can be diagnosed by their squared rachidian tooth with a broad base, and the jaws composed of scale-like elements, with denticles. Their shells can range from strongly calcified and completely exposed (e.g. <i>Velutina</i>) to almost without calcification and completely enveloped by the mantle (e.g. <i>Onchidiopsis</i>). Some genera (e.g. <i>Velutina</i> and <i>Limneria</i>) also have a hairy periostracum. In addition to the anterior inhalant siphon, an exhalant siphon is made by a right lateral mantle fold in some genera (e.g. <i>Marsenina</i> and <i>Onchidiopsis</i>). Before the present study, six genera (two of them with subgenera; see Gulbin & Golikov, 1997) were classified in this subfamily. However, the present molecular phylogeny suggests that <i>Limneria</i> and <i>Velutina</i> might be synonyms. In addition, pending molecular analysis of the type material, we propose to place <i>Pseudosacculus</i> in this subfamily, based on the description of the only included species, <i>Pseudosacculus okai</i> (Hirase, 1927). The radular formula (2:1:1:1:2) and morphology (Hirase, 1927: 125, fig. 8) and the presence of a small dorsal aperture in the mantle are congruent with this placement. It should be noted that Pelseneer (1935) suggested that <i>Pseudosacculus okai</i> might be classifiable in <i>Marsenina</i>, which would make <i>Pseudosacculus</i> a junior synonym.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_7814340 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Velutininae Gray 1840 Fassio, Giulia Stefani, Matteo Russini, Valeria Buge, Barbara Bouchet, Philippe Treneman, Nancy Malaquias, Manuel António E. Schiaparelli, Stefano Modica, Maria Vittoria Oliverio, Marco Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Velutinidae <p>VELUTININAE GRAY, 1840</p><p>(FIGS 2, 3, 4C–F, 6C, D, 9B, 10B, C, 11B, C, N, O)</p><p>Velutininae Gray, 1840: 90;</p><p>type genus <i>Velutina</i> J. Fleming, 1820.</p><p>Marseninidae Odhner, 1913: 9 [as Marsenininae];</p><p>type genus <i>Marsenina</i> Gray, 1850.</p><p>Sacculidae Thiele, 1929: 266;</p><p>type genus <i>Sacculus</i> Hirase, 1927 [permanently invalid, being the type genus a junior homonym of <i>Sacculus</i> Grosse, 1851 (Rotifera)].</p><p>Pseudosacculidae Kuroda, 1933: 186 [replacement name for Sacculidae Thiele];</p><p>type genus <i>Pseudosacculus</i> Hirase, 1928.</p><p>Capulacmaeidae Golikov & Gulbin, 1990: 108 [as Capulacmaeinae];</p><p>type genus <i>Capulacmaea</i> M. Sars, 1859.</p><p><i>Included genera:</i> <i>Cartilagovelutina</i> Golikov & Gulbin, 1990, <i>Ciliatovelutina</i> Golikov & Gulbin, 1990, <i>Cilifera</i> Golikov & Gulbin, 1990, <i>Limneria</i> H.Adams & A. Adams, 1851, <i>Marsenina</i> Gray, 1850, <i>Onchidiopsis</i> Bergh, 1853, <i>Piliscus</i> Lovén, 1859, <i>Pseudosacculus</i> Hirase, 1928, <i>Pseudotorellia</i> Warén, 1989, <i>Torellivelutina</i> J. H. McLean, 2000, <i>Velutina</i> J. Fleming, 1820.</p><p><i>Description:</i> Body of small to medium size for the family, 0.5–11.0 cm total length. Shell moderately thin to thick, weakly to strongly calcified; ear, shield or cap shaped, low to high spire, with expanded aperture; smooth or weakly sculptured by axial growth lines; exposed or completely enclosed by the mantle. Periostracum moderately or well developed, occasionally hairy.</p><p>Protoconch of 1.1–2.0 whorls; protoconch I of 0.50– 0.64 whorls, nucleus diameter 125–186 μm, smooth or with microgranules; protoconch–teleoconch boundary not always visible.</p><p>Mantle flat or dome shaped, outline rounded; thick or thin, with or without dorsal tubercles; with or without anterior and right lateral siphonal folds; texture smooth, wrinkled or jelly-like; colour highly variable, almost transparent to white, grey, beige, yellow, orange, brown, often patterned.</p><p>Penis to the right of the right cephalic tentacle, with tip of the seminal duct protruding from the penis tip. Vas deferens without a free loop in haemocoel.</p><p>Radula taenioglossate, formula 2:1:1:1:2, rachidian tooth squared, with broad base, rachidian cusp with or without one to six pronounced external denticles; lateral teeth squared or elongated, with a pointed triangular internal or external cusp, with or without one to six denticles on both sides; marginals narrow, with or without one small denticle on the internal side.</p><p>Jaws short to elongated, composed of scale-like elements, with denticles on the masticatory margin.</p><p><i>Distribution:</i> Arctic and temperate regions worldwide, 0–1200 m deep.</p><p><i>Remarks:</i> Velutinines can be diagnosed by their squared rachidian tooth with a broad base, and the jaws composed of scale-like elements, with denticles. Their shells can range from strongly calcified and completely exposed (e.g. <i>Velutina</i>) to almost without calcification and completely enveloped by the mantle (e.g. <i>Onchidiopsis</i>). Some genera (e.g. <i>Velutina</i> and <i>Limneria</i>) also have a hairy periostracum. In addition to the anterior inhalant siphon, an exhalant siphon is made by a right lateral mantle fold in some genera (e.g. <i>Marsenina</i> and <i>Onchidiopsis</i>). Before the present study, six genera (two of them with subgenera; see Gulbin & Golikov, 1997) were classified in this subfamily. However, the present molecular phylogeny suggests that <i>Limneria</i> and <i>Velutina</i> might be synonyms. In addition, pending molecular analysis of the type material, we propose to place <i>Pseudosacculus</i> in this subfamily, based on the description of the only included species, <i>Pseudosacculus okai</i> (Hirase, 1927). The radular formula (2:1:1:1:2) and morphology (Hirase, 1927: 125, fig. 8) and the presence of a small dorsal aperture in the mantle are congruent with this placement. It should be noted that Pelseneer (1935) suggested that <i>Pseudosacculus okai</i> might be classifiable in <i>Marsenina</i>, which would make <i>Pseudosacculus</i> a junior synonym.</p> |
| title | Velutininae Gray 1840 |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Mollusca Gastropoda Littorinimorpha Velutinidae |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814340 |