| _version_ | 1866901905977901056 |
|---|---|
| author | DÁVALOS, LILIANA M. |
| author_facet | DÁVALOS, LILIANA M. |
| contents | <p><i>The P. parnellii lineage (subgenus Phyllodia)</i></p><p>The molecular phylogeny challenges the biogeographical hypothesis of Smith (1972) on the single, Middle American origin of Antillean populations. Lewis Oritt <i>et al</i>. (2001) first proposed northern South America as the ancestral area of Antillean <i>Phyllodia</i>, but this result is not significantly different from the traditional biogeographical explanation [except when using the Templeton (1983) test; Table 5]. The phylogeny of Figure 5 is the first to suggest that <i>P. parnellii</i> is not sister to a clade containing <i>P</i>. <i>pusillus</i>. Because both trees (Figs 3B, 5) are equally good at explaining the data (<i>P</i> = 0.352, Shimodaira–Hasegawa test), <i>Phyllodia</i> might have reached the Caribbean or the continent more than once. Two <i>Phyllodia</i> species have been recorded as Quaternary fossils on Hispaniola (Morgan, 2001; Table 1); the extant <i>pusillus</i> and sp. cf. <i>rubiginosus</i>; perhaps corresponding to separate waves of colonization from the continent and/or adjacent islands.</p><p>Whether bats in this lineage first arose on the islands or the continent cannot be established because both regions are optimized in the ancestral area (not shown). Furthermore, the low support values (Figs 3B, 5) mean that <i>parnellii</i>, <i>pusillus</i> and <i>portoricensis</i>, <i>rubiginosus</i>, or ‘ <i>rubiginosus</i> ’ from Suriname and French Guiana could each be the oldest branch within the lineage, adding uncertainty to the geographical origin of the subgenus. The Caribbean-continent divergence within this lineage is as great as that between Surinamese and Guianan ‘ <i>rubiginosus</i> ’ and sister clade (Fig. 6A). By contrast, sequence divergence within the widespread <i>rubiginosus</i> clade is significantly lower (Fig. 6A), as expected if the expansion to Middle America or north-western South America had happened recently.</p><p>Taken together, the results imply that the geographical history of these bats is more complex than proposed hitherto (Smith, 1972), and suggest avenues for future research. First, more rapidly evolving characters are needed to resolve relationships among the species in this subgenus (Figs 3, 5). Second, geographical sampling must include the entire range of <i>Phyllodia</i> because apparently continuous populations show deep divergences that might represent additional independently evolving lineages (e.g. in northern South America). Third, such studies should include morphological characters because the Caribbean <i>Pteronotus pristinus</i> (Silva-Taboada, 1974; Simmons & Conway, 2001) and <i>Pteronotus</i> sp. cf. <i>rubiginosus</i> (Morgan, 2001) are only known as fossils and might provide fresh insights into the history of exchange between the continental and insular Neotropics.</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_7845956 |
| institution | Zenodo |
| language | |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
| record_format | zenodo |
| spellingShingle | Pteronotus parnellii DÁVALOS, LILIANA M. Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Mammalia Chiroptera Mormoopidae Pteronotus Pteronotus parnellii P. parnellii <p><i>The P. parnellii lineage (subgenus Phyllodia)</i></p><p>The molecular phylogeny challenges the biogeographical hypothesis of Smith (1972) on the single, Middle American origin of Antillean populations. Lewis Oritt <i>et al</i>. (2001) first proposed northern South America as the ancestral area of Antillean <i>Phyllodia</i>, but this result is not significantly different from the traditional biogeographical explanation [except when using the Templeton (1983) test; Table 5]. The phylogeny of Figure 5 is the first to suggest that <i>P. parnellii</i> is not sister to a clade containing <i>P</i>. <i>pusillus</i>. Because both trees (Figs 3B, 5) are equally good at explaining the data (<i>P</i> = 0.352, Shimodaira–Hasegawa test), <i>Phyllodia</i> might have reached the Caribbean or the continent more than once. Two <i>Phyllodia</i> species have been recorded as Quaternary fossils on Hispaniola (Morgan, 2001; Table 1); the extant <i>pusillus</i> and sp. cf. <i>rubiginosus</i>; perhaps corresponding to separate waves of colonization from the continent and/or adjacent islands.</p><p>Whether bats in this lineage first arose on the islands or the continent cannot be established because both regions are optimized in the ancestral area (not shown). Furthermore, the low support values (Figs 3B, 5) mean that <i>parnellii</i>, <i>pusillus</i> and <i>portoricensis</i>, <i>rubiginosus</i>, or ‘ <i>rubiginosus</i> ’ from Suriname and French Guiana could each be the oldest branch within the lineage, adding uncertainty to the geographical origin of the subgenus. The Caribbean-continent divergence within this lineage is as great as that between Surinamese and Guianan ‘ <i>rubiginosus</i> ’ and sister clade (Fig. 6A). By contrast, sequence divergence within the widespread <i>rubiginosus</i> clade is significantly lower (Fig. 6A), as expected if the expansion to Middle America or north-western South America had happened recently.</p><p>Taken together, the results imply that the geographical history of these bats is more complex than proposed hitherto (Smith, 1972), and suggest avenues for future research. First, more rapidly evolving characters are needed to resolve relationships among the species in this subgenus (Figs 3, 5). Second, geographical sampling must include the entire range of <i>Phyllodia</i> because apparently continuous populations show deep divergences that might represent additional independently evolving lineages (e.g. in northern South America). Third, such studies should include morphological characters because the Caribbean <i>Pteronotus pristinus</i> (Silva-Taboada, 1974; Simmons & Conway, 2001) and <i>Pteronotus</i> sp. cf. <i>rubiginosus</i> (Morgan, 2001) are only known as fossils and might provide fresh insights into the history of exchange between the continental and insular Neotropics.</p> |
| title | Pteronotus parnellii |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Animalia Chordata Mammalia Chiroptera Mormoopidae Pteronotus Pteronotus parnellii P. parnellii |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7845956 |