Pilularia ethiopica Eb. Fisch., Killmann, Mark. Ackermann & Kumelachew Yeshitela 2023, sp. nov.
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2023
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| author | Fischer, Eberhard Killmann, Dorothee Ackermann, Markus Yeshitela, Kumelachew |
| author_facet | Fischer, Eberhard Killmann, Dorothee Ackermann, Markus Yeshitela, Kumelachew |
| contents | <p><b><i>Pilularia ethiopica</i> Eb.Fisch., Killmann, Mark.Ackermann & Kumelachew Yeshitela, <i>sp. nov.</i> (Figs 1–5)</b></p><p><b>Type:</b> — ETHIOPIA. Bale Mountains National Park, growing on sand and partly covered by water in small Afroalpine pond, open <i>Helichrysum</i> heath with many tufted grasses, around the numerous small lakes of the area, 6 November 1988, <i>I</i><i>. Friis, A.</i> <i>Michelsen & Sebsebe Demissew 5727</i> (holotype ETH; isotype C).</p><p><b>Diagnosis:</b> — <i>Pilularia ethiopica</i> is similar to <i>P. americana</i>, <i>P. bokkeveldensis</i>, and <i>P. dracomontana</i>. It differs from both <i>P. americana</i> and <i>P. bokkeveldensis</i> in the smaller sporocarp, shorter pedicel and sporocarps that are subterranean at maturity, and from both <i>P. bokkeveldensis</i> and <i>P. dracomontana</i> in the obvious circinate vernation. It also differs from <i>P. americana</i> in the shorter fronds and from <i>P. dracomontana</i> in the longer fronds, longer pedicel, and permanently submerged habit of that species. <i>Pilularia ethiopica</i> is found in Afroalpine tarns above 3 460 m, while <i>P. bokkeveldensis</i> occurs in seasonal pans at 800 m and <i>P. dracomontana</i> in perennial sandstone tarns at 2 130–2 160 m. Additionally <i>P. americana</i> may have more than one leaf per node (Correll 1956), while <i>P. ethiopica, P. bokkeveldensis</i>, and <i>P. dracomontana</i> always bear only one leaf per node.</p><p><b>Description:</b> —Plants aquatic, partly submerged, mat-forming. <i>Rhizome</i> filiform, creeping, irregularly branched, up to 0.4–0.5 mm in diam., with 2(–3) roots at nodes, internodes 2.5–5.0(–11.0) mm long. <i>Fronds</i> borne singly at nodes, erect, simple, setiform, flexuose, 13–30(–45) mm long, 0.4–0.5 mm in diam., circinate vernation obvious. <i>Sporocarp</i> subterranean, globose, 1.8–2.1 mm in diam., yellowish to cream-coloured, sparsely hairy, hairs up to 3–4 cells and c. 100 µm long, appressed; sporocarps 4–locular, each locule with single sorus containing micro- and megasporangia, sporocarp pedicel arising from node on rhizome, up to 0.5–1.0 × 0.2–0.3 mm, produced laterally, bent downwards. <i>Microsporangia</i> clavate, several per sorus. <i>Microspores</i> 46–51 µm in diam. <i>Megasporangia</i> ellipsoid, 0.6–0.8 mm in diam. <i>Megaspores</i> 170–171 µm in diam.</p><p><b>Distribution:</b> — <i>Pilularia ethiopica</i> is endemic to the southern highlands of Ethiopia within the Bale Mountains and one record about 150 km west of Bale.</p><p><b>Habitat:</b> —The new species occurs at the margin of perennial tarns in Afroalpine grassland above 3 460 m. It is probably completely submerged in the rainy season and becomes partly exposed in the dry season. Mature sporocarps were observed in March and November. Of all genus members <i>P. ethiopica</i> probably occurs at the highest altitude (except the Southern American <i>P. americana</i> that was recorded in Peru between 4 530 and 4 593 m; Léon <i>et al.</i> 2018).</p><p><b>Discussion:</b> — <i>Pilularia ethiopica</i> has been misidentified as <i>P. americana</i> with which it shares the 4-locular sporocarps. It differs, however, in the shorter fronds [13–30(–45) mm vs. 20–90 mm], the smaller sporocarp (1.8– 2.1 mm in diam. vs. 2.0– 2.5 mm in diam.), the shorter pedicel (0.5–1.0 mm vs. 2.0– 3.7 mm), and the subterranean sporocarps at maturity. The latter feature is almost unique, only recorded hitherto in <i>P. dracomontana</i>. <i>Pilularia ethiopica</i> differs from the two other African species, <i>P. bokkeveldensis</i> and <i>P. dracomontana</i>, in the obvious circinate vernation that is usually not observable in the latter taxa (Table 1). It differs from <i>P. bokkeveldensis</i> in the smaller sporocarps, the shorter pedicel, and the subterranean sporocarps at maturity. <i>Pilularia bokkeveldensis</i> has sporocarps that grow downwards but that are epigeal at maturity. It differs from <i>P. dracomontana</i> in the longer fronds, the longer pedicel, and the only partly submerged habit. <i>Pilularia ethiopica</i> is found in Afroalpine tarns above 3 460 m, while <i>P. bokkeveldensis</i> is an annual that occurs in seasonal pans at 800 m, and probably survives the dry season with its sporocarps, and <i>P. dracomontana</i> grows in perennial sandstone tarns at 2 130–2 160 m as a permanently submerged perennial (or perhaps annual as it is not yet known whether the plants persist through the freezing winter months). For descriptions of <i>P. bokkeveldensi</i> s and <i>P. dracomontana</i> see Crouch <i>et al.</i> (2011) and Crouch & Wesley-Smith (2011).</p><p><b>Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— ETHIOPIA.</b> Bale Mountains National Park, pond below Fincha Habera Waterfalls SW of Dinsho, N07°00’58.77” E39°43’18.80” 3 462 m, 2 March 2005, <i>Kumelachew Yeshitela s.n,</i> (ETH); 64 km along road to Hosanna (= Hosaena), 4 November 1972, <i>J. W</i><i>.</i> <i>Ash 1753</i> (K).</p> |
| format | Recurso digital |
| id | zenodo_https___doi_org_10_5281_zenodo_8315409 |
| institution | Zenodo |
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| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Zenodo |
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| spellingShingle | Pilularia ethiopica Eb. Fisch., Killmann, Mark. Ackermann & Kumelachew Yeshitela 2023, sp. nov. Fischer, Eberhard Killmann, Dorothee Ackermann, Markus Yeshitela, Kumelachew Biodiversity Taxonomy Plantae Tracheophyta Polypodiopsida Salviniales Marsileaceae Pilularia Pilularia ethiopica <p><b><i>Pilularia ethiopica</i> Eb.Fisch., Killmann, Mark.Ackermann & Kumelachew Yeshitela, <i>sp. nov.</i> (Figs 1–5)</b></p><p><b>Type:</b> — ETHIOPIA. Bale Mountains National Park, growing on sand and partly covered by water in small Afroalpine pond, open <i>Helichrysum</i> heath with many tufted grasses, around the numerous small lakes of the area, 6 November 1988, <i>I</i><i>. Friis, A.</i> <i>Michelsen & Sebsebe Demissew 5727</i> (holotype ETH; isotype C).</p><p><b>Diagnosis:</b> — <i>Pilularia ethiopica</i> is similar to <i>P. americana</i>, <i>P. bokkeveldensis</i>, and <i>P. dracomontana</i>. It differs from both <i>P. americana</i> and <i>P. bokkeveldensis</i> in the smaller sporocarp, shorter pedicel and sporocarps that are subterranean at maturity, and from both <i>P. bokkeveldensis</i> and <i>P. dracomontana</i> in the obvious circinate vernation. It also differs from <i>P. americana</i> in the shorter fronds and from <i>P. dracomontana</i> in the longer fronds, longer pedicel, and permanently submerged habit of that species. <i>Pilularia ethiopica</i> is found in Afroalpine tarns above 3 460 m, while <i>P. bokkeveldensis</i> occurs in seasonal pans at 800 m and <i>P. dracomontana</i> in perennial sandstone tarns at 2 130–2 160 m. Additionally <i>P. americana</i> may have more than one leaf per node (Correll 1956), while <i>P. ethiopica, P. bokkeveldensis</i>, and <i>P. dracomontana</i> always bear only one leaf per node.</p><p><b>Description:</b> —Plants aquatic, partly submerged, mat-forming. <i>Rhizome</i> filiform, creeping, irregularly branched, up to 0.4–0.5 mm in diam., with 2(–3) roots at nodes, internodes 2.5–5.0(–11.0) mm long. <i>Fronds</i> borne singly at nodes, erect, simple, setiform, flexuose, 13–30(–45) mm long, 0.4–0.5 mm in diam., circinate vernation obvious. <i>Sporocarp</i> subterranean, globose, 1.8–2.1 mm in diam., yellowish to cream-coloured, sparsely hairy, hairs up to 3–4 cells and c. 100 µm long, appressed; sporocarps 4–locular, each locule with single sorus containing micro- and megasporangia, sporocarp pedicel arising from node on rhizome, up to 0.5–1.0 × 0.2–0.3 mm, produced laterally, bent downwards. <i>Microsporangia</i> clavate, several per sorus. <i>Microspores</i> 46–51 µm in diam. <i>Megasporangia</i> ellipsoid, 0.6–0.8 mm in diam. <i>Megaspores</i> 170–171 µm in diam.</p><p><b>Distribution:</b> — <i>Pilularia ethiopica</i> is endemic to the southern highlands of Ethiopia within the Bale Mountains and one record about 150 km west of Bale.</p><p><b>Habitat:</b> —The new species occurs at the margin of perennial tarns in Afroalpine grassland above 3 460 m. It is probably completely submerged in the rainy season and becomes partly exposed in the dry season. Mature sporocarps were observed in March and November. Of all genus members <i>P. ethiopica</i> probably occurs at the highest altitude (except the Southern American <i>P. americana</i> that was recorded in Peru between 4 530 and 4 593 m; Léon <i>et al.</i> 2018).</p><p><b>Discussion:</b> — <i>Pilularia ethiopica</i> has been misidentified as <i>P. americana</i> with which it shares the 4-locular sporocarps. It differs, however, in the shorter fronds [13–30(–45) mm vs. 20–90 mm], the smaller sporocarp (1.8– 2.1 mm in diam. vs. 2.0– 2.5 mm in diam.), the shorter pedicel (0.5–1.0 mm vs. 2.0– 3.7 mm), and the subterranean sporocarps at maturity. The latter feature is almost unique, only recorded hitherto in <i>P. dracomontana</i>. <i>Pilularia ethiopica</i> differs from the two other African species, <i>P. bokkeveldensis</i> and <i>P. dracomontana</i>, in the obvious circinate vernation that is usually not observable in the latter taxa (Table 1). It differs from <i>P. bokkeveldensis</i> in the smaller sporocarps, the shorter pedicel, and the subterranean sporocarps at maturity. <i>Pilularia bokkeveldensis</i> has sporocarps that grow downwards but that are epigeal at maturity. It differs from <i>P. dracomontana</i> in the longer fronds, the longer pedicel, and the only partly submerged habit. <i>Pilularia ethiopica</i> is found in Afroalpine tarns above 3 460 m, while <i>P. bokkeveldensis</i> is an annual that occurs in seasonal pans at 800 m, and probably survives the dry season with its sporocarps, and <i>P. dracomontana</i> grows in perennial sandstone tarns at 2 130–2 160 m as a permanently submerged perennial (or perhaps annual as it is not yet known whether the plants persist through the freezing winter months). For descriptions of <i>P. bokkeveldensi</i> s and <i>P. dracomontana</i> see Crouch <i>et al.</i> (2011) and Crouch & Wesley-Smith (2011).</p><p><b>Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— ETHIOPIA.</b> Bale Mountains National Park, pond below Fincha Habera Waterfalls SW of Dinsho, N07°00’58.77” E39°43’18.80” 3 462 m, 2 March 2005, <i>Kumelachew Yeshitela s.n,</i> (ETH); 64 km along road to Hosanna (= Hosaena), 4 November 1972, <i>J. W</i><i>.</i> <i>Ash 1753</i> (K).</p> |
| title | Pilularia ethiopica Eb. Fisch., Killmann, Mark. Ackermann & Kumelachew Yeshitela 2023, sp. nov. |
| topic | Biodiversity Taxonomy Plantae Tracheophyta Polypodiopsida Salviniales Marsileaceae Pilularia Pilularia ethiopica |
| url | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8315409 |