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11861
Incidencia de botrytis cinerea en racimos de jitomate bajo casa sombra y campo abierto
Pubblicazione 2019Fuente: Universidad del PapaloapanTipo de material: Capítulo de libroDescripción: Se comparó la incidencia de Botrytis cinerea en el híbrido de jitomate SUN 7705 bajo dos condiciones: campo abierto y casa sombra. El muestreo se realizó en 12 plantas seleccionadas completamente al azar, durante el muestreo se tomó datos en los racimos florales sobre la cantidad de botones y flores afectadas por B. cinerea. Se realizó una prueba de medias mediante el programa InfoStat. Este hongo mostró una mayor incidencia en condiciones de casa sombra, en comparación con campo abierto a finales del mes de noviembre y a la mitad del mes diciembre. La temperatura en estos meses en casa sombra se mantuvo en promedio de 20° C, mientas que la humedad relativa mantuvo un promedio superior a 90 %, lo cual favoreció la presencia de la enfermedad. Mientras en campo abierto la incidencia fue menor, ya que las temperaturas no superaban los 25 ºC y la humedad se mantenía por debajo del 90 %.Acceso al recurso -
11862
Effect of Different Cooking Methods on The Nutritional Composition f Tilapia (Oreochromis Sp.)
Pubblicazione 2020Fuente: Universidad del PapaloapanTipo de material: ArtículoDescripción: Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) is a fish that is gaining ground in cultivation and sales because of its nutritional properties: high protein content, vitamins, and minerals with few unhealthy saturated fats as in red meats. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of cooking on the chemical composition, Aw, and pH, in addition to the electrophoretic, and fatty acid profile of the Tilapia using an electric oven, microwave and steaming as cooking methods. The results showed that the nutritional components of Tilapia changed significantly (p<0.05) at two temperatures and at two potencies used. Microwave and steaming preserved better the proteins in the Tilapia after its cooking. Electrophoresis results showed a decrease in intensity and number of bands depending on the type of treatment to which the meat was subjected. On the other hand, the electric oven method at 2 temperatures resulted with the highest increase in essential fatty acids (45% and 36%), with a slight decrease in the ω-6 family, because of a probable hydrolysis or oxidation of the same. The steam cooking showed a slight increase in essential fatty acids, but microwave oven preserved better the proteins, indicating that this could be a good method for cooking Tilapia.Acceso al recurso -
11863
Preengorda del Ostión Americano (Crassostrea virginica) en lagunas costeras tropicales en Yucatán, México: modelación de regresión no lineal y relaciones con variables ambientales...
Pubblicato in Ciencias Marinas (2024)Fuente: Ciencias MarinasTipo de material: Artículo científicoDescripción: Nonlinear regression modeling was used to study the nursery production of the oyster Crassostrea virginica in the Celestún (CL) and Rio Lagartos (RL) lagoons in Yucatán, Mexico. Relationships between production parameters and environmental variables were also established. Spat (2.40 ± 0.20 mm) was obtained from a hatchery and reared in Nestier-type trays using an off-bottom system. Oyster cultivation took place from May 2021 to September 2021 and ended after 122–126 days when oysters reached 30.00 mm. There were no significant differences in final height (CL: 30.80 ± 0.42 mm; RL: 31.80 ± 0.65 mm; P = 0.18) and growth rate (CL: 0.23 ± 0.02 mm·d–1; RL: 0.23 ± 0.01 mm·d–1; P = 0.98). Final survival was 71.45% in CL and 99.40% in RL. Nonlinear regression curves were statistically satisfactory for analyzing growth and survival. Except for dissolved oxygen, mean salinity (CL: 15.23 ppt; RL: 35.02 ppt), temperature (CL: 29.64 °C; RL: 31.02 °C), dissolved oxygen (CL: 4.50 mg·L–1; RL: 5.04 mg·L–1), pH (CL: 8.10; RL: 8.34), chlorophyll a (Chl a) (CL: 3.23 mg·m–3; RL: 6.85 mg·m–3), and total dissolved solids (CL: 16,101 mg·L–1; RL: 34,838 mg·L–1) were significantly higher in RL (P < 0.05). Except for Chl a, the environmental variables were more stable in RL than in CL (P < 0.05). In RL, the growth rate was positively related to salinity and pH. In CL, the growth rate slowed when salinity decreased, and the mortality rate diminished when salinity, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved solids increased and pH decreased. Salinity was mainly responsible for the observed differences in production between lagoons. Even when temperature and salinity were high in RL, acceptable growth rate and survival were observed, possibly due to stable rearing conditions. Se usaron modelos de regresión no lineal para analizar la producción en preengorda de Crassostrea virginica en 2 lagunas costeras de Yucatán, México: Celestún (CL) y Río Lagartos (RL). Adicionalmente, se establecieron relaciones entre la producción y las variables ambientales. Las semillas (2.40 ± 0.2 mm) se cultivaron en suspensión de mayo a septiembre 2021 en canastas Nestier durante 122-126 días, hasta que los ostiones alcanzaron 30.00 mm. No hubo diferencias significativas en la altura final (CL: 30.80 ± 0.42 mm; RL: 31.80 ± 0.65 mm; P = 0.18) ni en la tasa de crecimiento (CL: 0.23 ± 0.02 mm·d–1; RL: 0.23 ± 0.01 mm·d–1; P = 0.98) entre sitios. La supervivencia fue 71.40% en CL y 99.40% en RL. Las curvas de regresión no lineal resultaron estadísticamente satisfactorias para analizar el crecimiento y la supervivencia. La salinidad (CL: 15.23 ppt; RL: 35.02 ppt), la temperatura (CL: 29.64 °C; RL: 31.02 °C), el oxígeno disuelto (CL: 4.50 mg·L–1; RL: 5.04 mg·L–1), el pH (CL: 8.10; RL: 8.34), la clorofila a (Cl a) (CL: 3.23 mg·m–3; RL: 6.85 mg·m–3) y los sólidos disueltos totales (CL: 16,101 mg·L–1; RL: 34,838 mg·L–1) fueron superiores en RL (P < 0.05). Exceptuando la Cl a, las variables fueron más estables en RL (P < 0.05). En RL, el crecimiento se relacionó positivamente con la salinidad y el pH. En CL, el crecimiento disminuyó al bajar la salinidad, y la mortalidad disminuyó cuando la salinidad, el oxígeno disuelto y el total de sólidos disueltos se incrementaron y el pH disminuyó. La salinidad fue determinante para la diferencia en producción entre las lagunas. En RL, el crecimiento y la supervivencia fueron aceptables aun con temperaturas y salinidades relativamente elevadas, posiblemente debido a las condiciones estables de cultivo.Acceso al recurso -
11864
Multiresponse optimization of the extrusion process for ready-to-eat snacks from pineapple byproducts and maize flour
Pubblicazione 2023Fuente: Universidad del PapaloapanTipo de material: ArtículoDescripción: This research aimed to optimize the processing conditions to obtain ready-to-eat extruded snacks with a high fiber content from mixtures of pineapple byproduct powder (PBP) and nixtamalized maize flour (PBP-NMF) or maize flour (PBP-MF). The effects of barrel temperature, feed moisture content, and PBP were evaluated. The increase in barrel temperature has a negative effect on the bulk density, the water absorption index, and the texture in both mixtures (PBP-MF and PBP-NMF) and increases the expansion index and the water solubility index in the mixture with MF. The increase in the feed moisture content increased the bulk density and water absorption index in both mixtures and the texture in the mixtures with MF. The increasing PBP decreases the expansion index and increases the water solubility index in both mixtures. The increase in PBP in the mixtures with MF decreases the water absorption index, texture, and bulk density. From the optimization, four products were obtained, two for the NMF mixture and two for the MF mixtures. The optimal formulations can be considered a good source of total fiber (12.46−12.78 g/100 g) and protein (8.27−8.85 g/100 g) with good acceptance by consumers.Acceso al recurso -
11865
Effect of ultrasonic treatment on the morphological, physicochemical, functional, and rheological properties of starches with different granule size
Pubblicazione 2016Fuente: Universidad del PapaloapanTipo de material: ArtículoDescripción: Sonication (25 kHz) was applied to plantain (large granule size) and taro (small granule size) starches for two treatment durations (20 and 50 min) using a flow-cell at controlled temperature of 4 ± 0.1°C. The granule size distribution of starches was only slightly affected by the ultrasound treatment. Ultrasound affected the granule surface morphology, as reflected by the profound cavities and fractures. Starch with larger granule size was more affected by ultrasound treatment, as reflected by the higher variation in the peak viscosity, swelling power, and solubility. Peak viscosity increased with ultrasound, whereas swelling power and solubility decreased after treatment. Additionally, ultrasound treatment of high granule size starch resulted in a more pronounced decrease in the storage modulus (G′) compared with its native counterpart.Acceso al recurso -
11866
Distribución espaciotemporal de la contaminación bacteriana del agua residual agrícola y doméstica descargada a un canal de drenaje (Sinaloa, México)
Pubblicato in Ciencias Marinas (2013)Fuente: SIBUMAR · Ciencias MarinasTipo de material: LibroDescripción: The agricultural drainage water from the Sinaloa valley (Mexico) is often reused in agriculture and aquaculture before reaching coastal water bodies. Discharged water must be of good quality to maintain the health of ecosystems and prevent damage to the organisms that compose them. This research determined the occurrence of coliforms in a drainage ditch known as La Michoacana (Sinaloa) that receives contaminated water from agricultural and urban sources. A section of 3.6 km was studied during 2013 and samples were obtained monthly from five equidistant sampling sites. Each water sample was analyzed for total coliform (TC) and fecal coliform (FC) content, pH, salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen percentage (%DO). The sampling sites with the highest bacterial contamination were associated with direct discharges of domestic wastewater and those with the lowest to the output drain. The performance of this agricultural ditch decreased the concentration of coliforms, with median and average values of 96% and 87% for TC, and 98% and 85% for FC, respectively. The most common bacteria were Escherichia coli (67.7%), Kluyvera cryocrescens (10.2%), and Enterobacter agglomerans (6.3%). Coliform concentration was positively correlated with temperature and negatively with %DO. The ditch improved the microbiological quality of the water, demonstrating remediation activities in the system. Proper management and maintenance of agricultural drainage ditches would favorably impact the health and biodiversity, as well as the intensive aquaculture and agricultural activities of the Sinaloa valley. El agua que conducen los canales de drenaje del valle agrícola sinaloense (México) es reutilizada con frecuencia en la agricultura y acuacultura antes de ser depositada en las aguas costeras. La calidad del agua descargada debe ser adecuada para mantener la salud de los ecosistemas y evitar daño a los organismos que los componen. Esta investigación determinó la presencia de coliformes en el canal de drenaje agrícola conocido como La Michoacana (Sinaloa), que recibe agua contaminada de fuentes agrícolas y urbanas. Se estudió una sección de 3.6 km del canal durante el año 2013 y se recolectaron mensualmente muestras de agua de cinco puntos de muestreo equidistantes. A cada muestra se le analizó el contenido de coliformes totales (CT) y coliformes fecales (CF), pH, salinidad, temperatura y porcentaje de saturación de oxígeno disuelto (%OD). Los puntos de muestreo con mayor contaminación bacteriana estuvieron asociados a las descargas directas de agua residual doméstica, y aquellos con menor contaminación estuvieron asociados a la salida del canal de drenaje. El funcionamiento del canal disminuyó la carga de coliformes, con medianas y valores promedio del 96% y 87% para CT, y 98% y 85% para CF, respectivamente. Las principales bacterias identificadas fueron Escherichia coli (67.7%), Kluyvera cryocrescens (10.2%) y Enterobacter agglomerans (6.3%). La concentración de coliformes presentó una correlación positiva con la temperatura y negativa con el %OD. El canal de drenaje La Michoacana mejora la calidad microbiológica del agua que conduce, lo cual demuestra funciones de remediación en el sistema. El mantenimiento y manejo adecuado de los canales de drenaje agrícola puede impactar favorablemente la salud y biodiversidad, así como las actividades acuícolas y agrícolas intensivas del valle sinaloense.Acceso al recurso -
11867
Дослідження механізмів противиразкової активності кріоекстракту плаценти при серотоніновому ульцерогенезі...
Pubblicazione 2022Fuente: ZenodoTipo de material: Recurso digitalAcceso al recurso -
11868
Efectos de la pesquería del pulpo sobre la población de la cacerolita de mar en la Reserva de la Biosfera Ría Lagartos, México
Pubblicato in Ciencias Marinas (2020)Fuente: Ciencias MarinasTipo de material: Artículo científicoDescripción: The American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, has been reported to be illegally caught for use as Octopus spp. bait in some localities of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. To learn if the octopus fishery could be negatively influencing the limulus populations in the area, L. polyphemus individuals were sampled twice a year, before and after the annual octopus fishing season, over 4 consecutive years (2015–2018) in Río Lagartos and San Felipe, both in the Ría Lagartos Biosphere Reserve (RLBR), Yucatán. Quadrants were drawn perpendicular to the mangrove edge, physicochemical parameters in the water (depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, and electrical conductivity) were determined, and granulometry of marine sediments was measured (Folk technique). The number of live specimens, number of females, and average length were recorded. No significant differences were found for the physicochemical properties of water or the recorded sedimentology (P > 0.05). Samplings revealed a low number of organisms per site: 22 in Río Lagartos and 24 in San Felipe, both from data before the start of the 2017 octopus fishing season. In the samplings after the start of the 2018 octopus fishing season, only 2 organisms were observed in Río Lagartos and none in San Felipe. The results showed a significant decrease in the number of live L. polyphemus specimens after the beginning of the octopus fishing season and a decrease in the average length of organisms, suggesting a negative effect of mollusk fishing activities on the horseshoe crab populations. More studies are required that integrate other physicochemical, biological, and socioeconomic factors to elucidate the potential threat of this fishery on L. polyphemus populations in the RLBR. Se ha documentado que la cacerolita de mar Limulus polyphemus se captura de forma ilegal para uso como carnada de Octopus spp. en algunas localidades de la península de Yucatán, México. Para conocer si la pesquería de pulpo pudiese tener una influencia negativa en las poblaciones de este límulo, se muestrearon organismos de L. polyphemus 2 veces al año, antes y después del comienzo de la temporada anual de pulpo, durante 4 años consecutivos (2015–2018) en Río Lagartos y San Felipe, situados en la Reserva de la Biosfera Ría Lagartos (RBRL), Yucatán. Se trazaron cuadrantes perpendiculares a la vera del manglar y se midieron los parámetros fisicoquímicos del agua (profundidad, temperatura, oxígeno disuelto, pH, salinidad y conductividad eléctrica), así como la granulometría del sedimento marino (mediante el tamizado de Folk). Se registró el número de individuos vivos, el número de hembras y la longitud promedio. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los parámetros fisicoquímicos del agua ni en la sedimentología registrada (P > 0.05). Los muestreos evidenciaron pocos organismos por sitio estudiado: 22 en Río Lagartos y 24 en San Felipe, ambos resultados antes de iniciada la temporada de pulpo de 2017. En los muestreos posteriores al inicio de la temporada de pulpo de 2018, solo se observaron 2 organismos en Río Lagartos y ninguno en San Felipe. Los resultados evidenciaron una disminución significativa en el número de ejemplares vivos de L. polyphemus después de iniciada la temporada de pulpo, así como también una disminución en la longitud promedio de los organismos, lo que sugiere un efecto negativo en las poblaciones de la cacerolita de mar derivado de las actividades propias de la pesca del molusco. Se requieren más estudios que integren otros factores fisicoquímicos, biológicos y socioeconómicos para dilucidar la potencial amenaza de esta pesquería sobre las poblaciones de este límulo en la RBRL.Acceso al recurso -
11869
Alternativa química para degradar el poli (etilen-tereftalato) (pet)
Pubblicazione 2016Fuente: Universidad del PapaloapanTipo de material: TesisDescripción: Por sus características de inocuidad, el poli (etilen-tereftalato) representa un riesgo para el ambiente porque no puede ser degradado tan fácilmente por el entorno. Por lo que, en este trabajo se llevó a cabo la degradación química de PET utilizando etilen carbonato (EC) e hidróxido de potasio (KOH). A través del trabajo experimental planteado, se estudió el efecto que tiene la temperatura, las relaciones en masa de PET/EC/KOH y el tiempo sobre la degradación del PET. Se determinó que las condiciones mínimas para degradarlo fueron 0.5 g PET, 1 g de EC, 0.02 g de KOH con un tiempo de reacción de 24 horas y una temperatura de 130°C. Las técnicas de caracterización de FTIR, DSC, TGA y RMN permitieron determinar que la degradación no es homogénea puesto que se tiene una mezcla de productos de degradación, principalmente BHET y cadenas de diferentes tamaños. Esta alternativa química para degradar el PET comparada con otras investigaciones reportadas en la literatura resulta ser menos drástica y nociva para el ambiente, porque se utilizan temperaturas más bajas y los reactivos que se emplean son menos dañinos comparados con los que se utilizan en las degradaciones químicas como glicólisis, metanólisis, entre otras.Acceso al recurso -
11870
Modification of banana starch (Musa paradisiaca L.) with polyethylene terephthalate: Virgin and bottle waste
Pubblicazione 2021Fuente: Universidad del PapaloapanTipo de material: ArtículoDescripción: Chemical modification of banana starch (Musa paradisiaca L.) with the degradation products of virgin and bottle waste of polyethylene terephthalate was carried out in situ. The modified starch was characterized by FTIR and NMR, which allowed proposing three chemical structures. SEM micrographs showed that the morphology of the modified starch granule is directly related with mass ratio of Starch/PET and type of PET used in the reaction. The crystallinity of the modified starch decreased up to 92.6% and 62.5% using bottle waste and virgin PET, respectively, according to XRD diffractograms. TGA analysis showed that the starch degradation temperature decreased by 12 °C. Modified starch films were elaborate and its electrical conductivity was found to be 2.9 times compared to that of native starch. The starch/PET film presented the highest value in the mechanical property of elongation at break compared to the starch-only film. The modified starch film was degraded above 80% by aqueous hydrolysis.Acceso al recurso -
11871
Effect of Crushed Glass Cullet Sizes on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Red Clay Bricks
Pubblicazione 2016Fuente: Universidad del PapaloapanTipo de material: ArtículoDescripción: This study reports the effect of clear waste glass from bottles added on 20 to 30 wt.% and variable particle size (<500, <300, and<212 𝜇m), into clay mixtures for the handmade brick manufacturing process. The bricks were manufactured with mixtures of clay,crushed glass, and water in different proportions, homogenized, casted in wooden molds, air-dried at room temperature for 72 h,and sintered at 1000∘C for 12 h. Total shrinkage, water absorption, compressive strength, microstructure, and phase composition arediscussed with respect to glass content and its particle size. The results indicate that increasing the content of glass and decreasing itsparticle size enhanced significantly the brick properties of water absorption and compressive strength by up to 18.5% and 6.8 MPa,for bricks with 30 wt% and particle size lower than 212 𝜇m. It is proposed that decreasing the glass particle size its surface areaincreases allowing easier melting of glass by lower energy consumption, reducing porosity and enhancing brick propertiesAcceso al recurso -
11872
Clusters of starch-g-PCL and their effect on the physicochemical properties of films
Pubblicazione 2017Fuente: Universidad del PapaloapanTipo de material: ArtículoDescripción: Starch-g-PCL films were prepared using the casting method and were characterized by different instrumental techniques and physicochemical properties. Nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy led to the proposal of a chemical structure for the films. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the films showed the formation of clusters of the graft copolymer starch-g-PCL. The effects of these clusters on the crystallinity (X-ray powder diffraction) revealed that the crystalline zones of the films increased by 46% and the elongation percentage increased by up to 50%. Also, the chemical degradation (aqueous hydrolysis) and the soil degradation of these films were 1.9 and 2.6 times faster than the films of starch alone. However, the thermal degradation temperature of the films decreased by more than 15°C, the moisture content decreased to 6.5%, and the water vapor permeation values increased in the films that contained starch-g-PCL. These results were accentuated with the increase in the amount of starch-g-PCL clusters.Acceso al recurso -
11873
Lintnerization of banana starch isolated from underutilized variety: morphological, thermal, functional properties, and digestibility
Pubblicazione 2014Fuente: Universidad del PapaloapanTipo de material: ArtículoDescripción: The effect of lintnerization on the banana starch of the Roatán cultivar from acid hydrolysis at 3, 5, and 7 days on the starch digestibility and morphological and thermal features was evaluated. Acid treatment produced an increase in the rapidly digestible starch (RDS) (20.2%) and slowly digestible starch (29.7%), but a decrease in the resistant starch (36.3%) content, as compared with its native counterpart. However, over the longest acid-treatment time, a decrease in the RDS over 5 days was observed. The lintnerized banana starch can be used in food products without additional cooking. The temperature (77–80°C) and enthalpy (11.6–14.1 J/g) of gelatinization increased significantly when the acid-treatment time increased, indicating an arrangement of the crystalline lamella by the double helices of the amylopectin chains. The acid treatment increased the retrogradation rate of the lintnerized banana starch gels. The lintnerization of banana starch for different lengths of time modified its morphology, starch digestibility, and thermal features, indicating changes in the crystalline lamella due to the arrangement of the double helices of amylopectin.Acceso al recurso -
11874
Producción masiva de Tetraselmis suecica (Kylin) Butch. (Prasinophyceae), bajo diferentes concentraciones de nutrientes y ediciones de dióxido de carbono
Pubblicato in Ciencias Marinas (1991)Fuente: Ciencias MarinasTipo de material: Artículo científicoDescripción: A series of four experiments with Tetraselmis suecica was carried out under laboratory conditions in order to learn the production yield in volumes of 1,000 litres, with salinity of 28‰, with absence and addition of buffer and carbon dioxide, air flow of 25 I/min and average time of addition of carbon dioxide of two and a half minutes, at a pressure of 50 kg/cm2 to keep the pH equal to or below 7.5. A maximum density of 508,000 cells/ml was obtained with a ratio of 150/10 g/l of NaN03/NaH2P04, with an average constant of growth of 0.35 and 0.50 doublings per day. With a quarter and with half of the nutrients without buffer, a higher constant of growth was recorded, although it did not differ significantly at 95% confidence in relation to the control experiment. Productivity per unit of culture volume of T. suecica showed that on using low concentrations of nutrients plus carbon dioxide, good population yields relative to the control are obtained. Productivity was not affected by temperature since it was kept constant at 19 + 1ºC, but it decreases when the supplement of carbon dioxide is insufficient to keep the pH between 7.2-7.5. En condiciones de laboratorio se efectuó una serie de cuatro experimentos con Tetraselmis suecica, para conocer el rendimiento de producción en volúmenes de 1,000 litros, con salinidad de 28‰, con ausencia y adición de amortiguador y dióxido de carbono, flujo de aire de 25 l/min y tiempo promedio de adición de dióxido de carbono de dos minutos y medio, a 50 kg/cm2 de presión para mantener el pH igual o menor de 7.5. La máxima densidad de 508,000 cel/ml se obtuvo con la relación de 150/10 g/l de NaNO3/NaH2P04, con una constante de crecimiento promedio de 0.35 y 0.50 duplicaciones por día. Con un cuarto y la mitad de nutrientes sin amortiguador, se registró una constante de crecimiento promedio mayor, aunque no difirió significativamente al 95% de confianza con respecto al experimento control. La productividad por unidad de volumen de cultivo de T. suecica mostró que al utilizar bajas concentraciones de nutrientes más dióxido de carbono, se obtienen buenos rendimientos poblacionales respecto al control. La productividad no fue afectada por temperatura ya que se mantuvo constante 19 + 1ºC, pero decrece si el suplemento de dióxido de carbono es insuficiente para mantener el pH entre 7.2-7.5.Acceso al recurso -
11875
Variación estacional del rendimiento y calidad de agar de Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Bory) Dawson, Acleto et Foldvik, del Golfo de California, México
Pubblicato in Ciencias Marinas (1999)Fuente: Ciencias MarinasTipo de material: Artículo científicoDescripción: Seasonal variation in agar from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Bory) Dawson, Acleto et Foldvik from Bahía de las Ánimas was studied; samples were collected between August 1995 and May 1996. Minimum yield (81.6%) occurred in summer and maximum (15.37%) in autumn; 3,6-anhydrogalactose content (3,6-AG) fluctuated from 35.5% to 47.8% between autumn and winter. The sulfate percentage was 0.8% in winter and 2.7% in autumn. The lowest gel strength (217 g cm–2) was recorded in autumn and the highest in spring (892 g cm–2). Melting temperature varied from 92ºC in summer to 98ºC in spring, while gelling temperature was 34.3ºC in autumn and 37ºC in winter. Gel strength was positively correlated with 3,6-AG and melting temperature, and from summer to winter with gelling temperature. Correlation with sulfates was inverse and did not correlate with yield. Higher quality of agar in G. lemaneiformis coincides with the maximum in situ biomass. Se estudió la variación estacional del agar de Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Bory) Dawson, Acleto et Foldvik de Bahía de las Ánimas, Baja California, México, en muestras recolectadas entre agosto de 1995 y mayo de 1996. El mínimo rendimiento de 8.16% se obtuvo en verano y el máximo de 15.37% en otoño. El contenido de 3,6-anhidrogalactosa (3,6-AG) fluctuó de 35.5% a 47.8% entre otoño e invierno. El grado de sustitución por sulfatos fue de 0.8% en invierno y 2.7% en otoño. La menor fuerza de gel de 217 g cm–2 se localizó en otoño y la mayor de 892 g cm–2 en primavera. La temperatura de fusión fluctuó de 92ºC en verano a 98ºC en primavera, mientras que la temperatura de gelificación fue de 34.3ºC en otoño y 37.0°C en invierno. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre la fuerza de gel, el contenido de 3,6-AG y la temperatura de fusión, y de verano a invierno para la temperatura de gelificación. La correlación con los sulfatos fue negativa y no se encontró correlación con el rendimiento. La mayor calidad de agar en G. lemaneiformis coincidió con la máxima biomasa in situ.Acceso al recurso -
11876
Opto-Metallurgy and the Photonide Class: Architectural Foundations for Zero-Latency Photonic AI Inference
Pubblicazione 2026Fuente: ZenodoTipo de material: Recurso digitalAcceso al recurso -
11877
Vaginal microbiota in Pelibuey sheep treated with antimicrobials at the removal of intravaginal sponges impregnated with flurogestone acetate
Pubblicazione 2019Fuente: Universidad del PapaloapanTipo de material: ArtículoDescripción: The use of intravaginal sponges produces changes in the composition of the normal vaginal microbiota and provokes the presence of a putrid abnormal fluid at sponge withdrawal. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the application of three different antibiotics (enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline or nitrofurazone) administered at sponge withdrawal on the vaginal microbiota in ewes. Intravaginal sponges impregnated with fluorogestone were inserted in 40 Pelibuey ewes (Day 0), remaining in situ for 14 days. At sponge withdrawal ewes received: 1) enrofloxacin, 2) oxytetracycline, 3) nitrofurazone, or 4) no treatment (control). The vaginal pH and temperature were recorded, and samples from the vaginal fluid were collected at that moment and 56 h later (Day 16). Samples were incubated to determine the number of Colony Forming Units (CFU). The log CFU increased from Day 0 to Day 14 (P < 0.0001) and decreased on Day 16 (P < 0.0001). On Day 16, the number of CFU was greater in control ewes than in the other three groups (P < 0.0001 for all the comparisons), being enroflaxin the more effective one (vs Toxi: P = 0.019 and vs Tnitro: P = 0.039). We concluded that the growth of the vagina microbiota present the day in which ewes come into estrus provoked by the use of intravaginal sponges may be partially controlled by the application of antibiotics at sponge withdrawal. Enrofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic to decrease bacterial vaginal number.Acceso al recurso -
11878
Malanga starch modified by annealing: Partial characterization and application as wall material in the protection of hibiscus extract
Pubblicazione 2025Fuente: Universidad del PapaloapanTipo de material: ArtículoDescripción: The hibiscus extract was encapsulated in thermally modified malanga starch (annealing) with the objective of enhancing the protective capacity of the bioactive compounds. Annealing malanga starch was conducted in a 1:9 ratio (starch/water) at temperatures of 67 °C and 70 °C for a period of 48 h. The bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of the hibiscus extracts were quantified. The physicochemical characterization of native malanga starch (NMS) and starches modified by annealing at 67 °C (SA-67) and 70 °C (SA-70) showed amylose increased by 11.86 %, 13.20 %, and 13.06 %, respectively. The peak temperature (Tp) showed values of 77.76 °C for NMS, 82.57 °C for SA-67, and 83.86 °C for SA-70. As the temperature modification increased, the values of humidity, water activity, and gelatinization enthalpy decreased in the starches. The modifications made by NMS annealing showed that the microcapsules obtained favored the total retention of anthocyanins, with values ranging from 37.93 % (NMS encapsulates) to 54.37 % (SA-70 microcapsules). SA-70 encapsulates exhibited better protective capacity for bioactive compounds than SA-67 ones across an 8-week storage period. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the modification at 70 °C changes the shape of the starch granule, promoting changes on the surface structure of SA-67 and SA-70 encapsulates compared to NMS encapsulates. These physicochemical changes due to modification by annealing could influence NMS ability to retain anthocyanins when used as a wall material and the stability of microencapsulated bioactive compounds during storage.Acceso al recurso -
11879
Synthesis and characterization of the starch/silicone oil composite and elaboration of its films
Pubblicazione 2022Fuente: Universidad del PapaloapanTipo de material: ArtículoDescripción: Synthesis of the starch/silicone oil composite carried out and its structural characterization by FTIR, Raman and 29Si NMR allowed to identify functional groups of the composite. The synthesis conditions were a starch/silicone oil mass ratio of 2.0 and a temperature of 150 oC to obtain a yield of 84.63 %. SEM analysis showed that the starch granules were covered by silicone oil, this caused a decrease in the crystallinity of starch. Composite films have higher thermal stability compared to native starch. Mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the starch/silicone oil composite film increase with respect to starch-only films. While the crystallinity of both films is similar. The results obtained in this work indicate that starch/silicone oil composites can be an alternative to make films with a potential use for the packaging industry.Acceso al recurso -
11880
Caracterización parcial del chilacayote (Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché), como alternativa de uso industrial para la región Cañada de Oaxaca
Pubblicazione 2018Fuente: Universidad del PapaloapanTipo de material: ArtículoDescripción: La caracterización de materias primas silvestres en México genera la posibilidad de encontrar fuentes biológicamente importantes para alimentación humana o con potencial de utilización para la industria. El chilacayote (Cucurbita ficifolia), perteneciente a la familia de las cucurbitáceas, es un producto poco utilizado en México por desconocerse sus características y potencialidades biológicas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue obtener y caracterizar harina a partir del fruto de chilacayote. Se determinaron los atributos físicos del fruto y la obtención de harina de la pulpa. La harina se caracterizó en cuanto a sus componentes químicos, físico-químicos y propiedades funcionales tecnológicas. Las características físicas del chilacayote fueron: peso 6.40 kg, pulpa 5.07 kg y semillas 0.24 kg. Los extractos libres de nitrógeno fueron los componentes químicos presentes en mayor porcentaje (31.46%) en la harina. El tamaño de partícula en la harina fue menor de 150 μm, con pH de 6.6 y actividad de agua (aw) de 0.30 a temperatura de 26.6°C. Los valores obtenidos en las propiedades funcionales biológicas y tecnológicas de la harina de chilacayote, permiten pensar en su utilización como complemento o enriquecimiento de otras harinas y denotan su potencial para ser procesada y utilizada en la industria alimentaria.Acceso al recurso