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Main Authors: Díaz, Fernando Ricardo González, Badenes, Vicent Martinez, Montalvo, Teodoro Rivera, García-Salcedo, Ricardo
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.04452
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author Díaz, Fernando Ricardo González
Badenes, Vicent Martinez
Montalvo, Teodoro Rivera
García-Salcedo, Ricardo
author_facet Díaz, Fernando Ricardo González
Badenes, Vicent Martinez
Montalvo, Teodoro Rivera
García-Salcedo, Ricardo
contents Quaternions provide a unified algebraic and geometric framework for representing three-dimensional rotations without the singularities that afflict Euler-angle parametrisations. This article develops a pedagogical and conceptual analysis of the \emph{Gimbal lock} phenomenon and demonstrates, step by step, how quaternion algebra resolves it. Beginning with the limitations of Euler representations, the work introduces the quaternionic rotation operator $v' = q\,v\,q^{*}$, derives the Rodrigues formula, and establishes the continuous, singularity-free mapping between unit quaternions and the rotation group $SO(3)$. The approach combines historical motivation, formal derivation, and illustrative examples designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate students. As an extension, Appendix~A presents the geometric and topological interpretations of quaternions, including their relation to the groups $\mathbb{Q}_8$ and $SU(2)$, and the Dirac belt trick, offering a visual analogy that reinforces the connection between algebra and spatial rotation. Overall, this work highlights the educational value of quaternions as a coherent and elegant framework for understanding rotational dynamics in physics.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_04452
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A quaternionic approach to teaching 3D rotations and the resolution of gimbal lock
Díaz, Fernando Ricardo González
Badenes, Vicent Martinez
Montalvo, Teodoro Rivera
García-Salcedo, Ricardo
Physics Education
Quaternions provide a unified algebraic and geometric framework for representing three-dimensional rotations without the singularities that afflict Euler-angle parametrisations. This article develops a pedagogical and conceptual analysis of the \emph{Gimbal lock} phenomenon and demonstrates, step by step, how quaternion algebra resolves it. Beginning with the limitations of Euler representations, the work introduces the quaternionic rotation operator $v' = q\,v\,q^{*}$, derives the Rodrigues formula, and establishes the continuous, singularity-free mapping between unit quaternions and the rotation group $SO(3)$. The approach combines historical motivation, formal derivation, and illustrative examples designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate students. As an extension, Appendix~A presents the geometric and topological interpretations of quaternions, including their relation to the groups $\mathbb{Q}_8$ and $SU(2)$, and the Dirac belt trick, offering a visual analogy that reinforces the connection between algebra and spatial rotation. Overall, this work highlights the educational value of quaternions as a coherent and elegant framework for understanding rotational dynamics in physics.
title A quaternionic approach to teaching 3D rotations and the resolution of gimbal lock
topic Physics Education
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.04452