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Main Authors: Sun, Nan, Mao, Bo, Li, Yongchang, Wang, Chenxu, Guo, Di, Liu, Huaping
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.00797
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author Sun, Nan
Mao, Bo
Li, Yongchang
Wang, Chenxu
Guo, Di
Liu, Huaping
author_facet Sun, Nan
Mao, Bo
Li, Yongchang
Wang, Chenxu
Guo, Di
Liu, Huaping
contents Foundation models have become central to unifying perception and planning in robotics, yet real-world deployment exposes a mismatch between their monolithic assumption that a single model can handle all cognitive functions and the distributed, dynamic nature of practical service workflows. Vision-language models offer strong semantic understanding but lack embodiment-aware action capabilities while relying on hand-crafted skills. Vision-Language-Action policies enable reactive manipulation but remain brittle across embodiments, weak in geometric grounding, and devoid of proactive collaboration mechanisms. These limitations indicate that scaling a single model alone cannot deliver reliable autonomy for service robots operating in human-populated settings. To address this gap, we present InteractGen, an LLM-powered multi-agent framework that decomposes robot intelligence into specialized agents for continuous perception, dependency-aware planning, decision and verification, failure reflection, and dynamic human delegation, treating foundation models as regulated components within a closed-loop collective. Deployed on a heterogeneous robot team and evaluated in a three-month open-use study, InteractGen improves task success, adaptability, and human-robot collaboration, providing evidence that multi-agent orchestration offers a more feasible path toward socially grounded service autonomy than further scaling standalone models.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2512_00797
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Transforming Monolithic Foundation Models into Embodied Multi-Agent Architectures for Human-Robot Collaboration
Sun, Nan
Mao, Bo
Li, Yongchang
Wang, Chenxu
Guo, Di
Liu, Huaping
Robotics
Foundation models have become central to unifying perception and planning in robotics, yet real-world deployment exposes a mismatch between their monolithic assumption that a single model can handle all cognitive functions and the distributed, dynamic nature of practical service workflows. Vision-language models offer strong semantic understanding but lack embodiment-aware action capabilities while relying on hand-crafted skills. Vision-Language-Action policies enable reactive manipulation but remain brittle across embodiments, weak in geometric grounding, and devoid of proactive collaboration mechanisms. These limitations indicate that scaling a single model alone cannot deliver reliable autonomy for service robots operating in human-populated settings. To address this gap, we present InteractGen, an LLM-powered multi-agent framework that decomposes robot intelligence into specialized agents for continuous perception, dependency-aware planning, decision and verification, failure reflection, and dynamic human delegation, treating foundation models as regulated components within a closed-loop collective. Deployed on a heterogeneous robot team and evaluated in a three-month open-use study, InteractGen improves task success, adaptability, and human-robot collaboration, providing evidence that multi-agent orchestration offers a more feasible path toward socially grounded service autonomy than further scaling standalone models.
title Transforming Monolithic Foundation Models into Embodied Multi-Agent Architectures for Human-Robot Collaboration
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.00797